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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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We use different antibiotics to treat different bugs based on what?
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-allergies
-what bug is sensitive to -cost -duration of therapy |
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What are the main (2) SE of antibiotics?
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-diarrhea
-upset stomach |
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Which antibiotics kill bacteria?
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bactericidal
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Which antibiotics suppress growth of bacteria?
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bacteriostatic
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How can we determine which antibiotic to use?
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-gram staining
-culture -antibiotic selectivity test |
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What is a superinfection?
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it is when a pt is taking a broad antibacterial and it kills the normal flora in the body. now the body is compromised even more.
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What bacteria are penicillin most effective?
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gram +
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What is essential to penicillin's ability to kill bacteria?
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beta-lactam ring
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How have bacteria become smart & resistant to penicillin?
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the bacteria evolved and produce enzymes that destroy the beta-lactam ring; therefore, becoming resistant to penicillin.
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What are some SE of pencillin?
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-allergic reactions
-n/v/d |
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What drug is given for pt prophylaxis undergoing dental or invasive procedures?
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pencillin g & v
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What is the #1 reason for drug resistance bugs?
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pt. not completing their medications
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What is an example of a suprainfection?
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yeast infection
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What is a broad spectrum antibiotic that we may use?
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ampicillin
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What are the indications for ampicillin?
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-gram - bacteria
-protected from beta-lactam when potassium clavulanate added |
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What hormone in women becomes inactivated when on an antibiotic?
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estrogen
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When a women is on an antibiotic and birth control what is the concern?
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the women could get pregnant since the ABT is canceling the estrogen out.
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What is the concern about yeast & ABT?
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broad spectrum ABT can kill normal flora and increase yeast growth.
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What ABT will you see a disulfram reaction if drinking alcohol?
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metronidazole (Flagyl)
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What ABT is related to pencillin?
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cephalosporin
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What bugs do cephalosporin target?
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gram + & gram - it depends on the classification
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What are some SE of cephalosporin?
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-GI sx
-superinfection (c.diff) |
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Why do we have superbugs?
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from pt not completing their ABT
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What is the prototype for macrolides?
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-erythromycin (emycin)
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How do macrolides work?
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they inhibit protein synthesis (bacteriostatic)
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What kind of ABT do we choose for respiratory infections?
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macrolides
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What are the indications for macrolides?
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-respiratory infections
-diptheria -chlamydia -legionella |
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What are some drug interactions to be aware of with macrolides?
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-digoxin
-warfarin |
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What are SE with macrolides?
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GI sx
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How does vancomycin work?
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binds to cell walls and leads to lysis (bactericidal)
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What are indications for vancomycin?
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-staph infections
-bone infections -septicemia -MRSA strains |
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What are possible SE of vancomycin? (if pushed too fast)
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-ototoxicity
-nephrotoxic -red neck syndrome |
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What is the prototype for aminoglycosides?
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-gentamicin (garamycin)
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How does gentamicin (garamycin) work?
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potent bactericidal, interferes w/ bacterial RNA leading to death.
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What are the indications for gentamicin (garamycin)?
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-serious gram - infections
-used w/vancomycin |
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What are the SE of gentamicin (garamycin)?
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-nephrotoxicity
-ototoxicity |
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What should be checked for gentamicin (garamycin)?
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the peaks & troughs
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What are the contraindications of tetracyclines?
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-pregnant & breastfeeding women
-children under 8 (teeth staining) |
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What is the prototype of fluoroquinolones?
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ciprofloxacin (cipro)
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What type of ABT is ciprofloxacin (cipro)?
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broad spectrum
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What is indications for ciprofloxacin (cipro)?
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-UTI
-respiratory infections -abdominal infections |
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What are some special implications of ciprofloxacin (cipro)?
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-tendon rupture (makes them weaker)
-cannot take with Ca+, zinc, iron, aluminum, magnesium |
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What is the prototype of sulfonamides?
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TMP-SMX (Bactrim)
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What is the indication for sulfonamides TMP-SMX (Bactrim)?
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-UTI
-community associated MRSA |
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What are the SE of sulfonamides TMP-SMX (Bactrim)?
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-GI sx
-stevens-johnson syndrome |
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What is a urinary tract analgesic?
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phenazopyridine (pyridium)
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How is phenazopyridine (pyridium) used?
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topical analgesic effect on the mucosa of urinary tract. short-term use (max 3 days)
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What color does phenazopyridine (pyridium) turn the urine, skin, and sclera?
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reddish orange
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What are some drugs that are toxic to the kidneys?
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-vancomycin
-aminoglycosides |
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What antifungal is highly toxic?
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amphotericin
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What organ is antifungals hard on?
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liver; therefore CYP450 system
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How soon does medication need to be administered for viruses?
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within 2 days of onset of symptoms
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What are the indications for antiviral drugs?
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-herpes
-influenza -RSV -HIV |
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What antiviral is used for herpes & varicella?
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acyclovir (zovirax)
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How does acyclovir (zovirax) work?
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interferes w/ DNA replication
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What are the SE of acyclovir (zovirax)?
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-GI sx
-ARF (rapid IV administration) |
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What are the cautions with acyclovir (zovirax)?
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-pt w/dehydration or renal impairment
-IV administration for over an hour to prevent renal crystals |
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What labs would I monitor with acyclovir (zovirax)?
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creatnine
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How do protease inhibitors work in pt w/HIV or AIDS?
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affects the replication cycle of HIV, results in immature, noninfectious viral particles
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How do antivirals work?
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-viruses require a host cell to live
-antivirals inhibit replication of their enzymes -these drugs affect host cells also & may be toxic |
