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21 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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sulfamethoxazole
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Bactrim
sulfonamide antibiotic for UTIs and URIs inhibits folic acid growth used with trimethoprim (antib) bacteriostatic |
allergic
photosensitivity stevens- johnson = lesions in oral mucosa, eyes, viscera fever headache arthralgia crystaluria - drink water! nephrosis urticaria |
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...mycin
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macrolides
Antibiotics bacteriostatic prevents protein synthesis in bacterial cells |
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doxycycline
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Doryx, vibramycin
Prevention, treatment of Anthrax tetracycline antibio. NO: dairy, <8yrs old, preg/lact, Can CHANGE tooth color! With 8 ozs water and food |
strong affinity for calcium
alters intestinal flora |
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Sulfonamides
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antibiotics
One of the first groups inhibits folic acid growth NI: take with 2000ml fluid take with food or milk to reduce GI upset |
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Penicillins
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Antibiotics
NI: monitor for allergy at for at least 30 minutes after admin. Oral decreased when taken with caffeine, citrus fruit, cola, fruit juice, tomato juice Take with At least 6 ozs water. |
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Cephalosporins
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semisynthetic derivatives from a fungus
broad spectrum bacteriocidal NI: Oral taken with food to decrease GI upset, even though will delay absorption can cause antabuse like reaction with alcohol - violently ill potential cross-sensitivity with penicillins if allergies exist |
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Macrolides
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bacteriostatic, prevent protein synthesis in bacteria cells
NI: Highly protein bound, will cause severe interactions with other protein bound drugs Oral erythromycin absorption enhanced on empty stomach, but may cause GI upset so often taken after meal. Strep infections UTI, URI gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasma |
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Tetracyclines
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Milk products, iron preparations, antacids, other dairy should be avoided - chelation of drug binding
With 6-8 ozs water Photosensitivity, no sun or tanning beds |
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Vancomycin
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Used for MRSA
IV - drip over at least 1 hour nephrotoxic - must hydrate! draw blood levels - 10-20=therapeutic Flushing, itching, red man synd. |
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aminoglycosides
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Antibiotics
Natural and semisynthetic From streptomyces poor oral absorp. - neomycin only one. Very potent! - serious toxicity - kidneys, ears bacteriocidal - prevents protein synthesis kills most gram neg, some pos. combined for synergy - betalactin first, then aminoglyc. |
Ototoxicity - hearing, balance, tinnitus, - not reversible (VIII)
nephrotocixity measure serum creatinine levels q3 days while on antibiotic headache, vertigo, dizziness, rash |
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neomycin
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aminoglycoside anitbio
oral/prophylactic for GI surgery, enema, etc. Very potent, not quickly given |
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gentamicin
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aminoglycoside antibio
Prototype IV/IM for gram - =strep topical, eyedrops |
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flouroquinolones
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"quinolones"
Potent - bacteriocidal excellent oral absorption - reduced by antacids good for gram -, some + starting to see resistance due to overuse FOR: Lower RI, Bone and jt infections, infectious diarrhear, UTI, Skin infectections, STD, Anthrax Increase acidic fluids and cirtus fruit to fight crystaluria Labs - liver function studies W/aminoglycosides - baseline hearing tests w/3000ml per day NO antacids or dairy |
Adverse:
Ruptured tendons and tendonitis prolong QT interval on EKG GI upset Rashes, pruritus headache dizziness pruritus CAUTION in antidysrhythmic meds |
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ciproflaxin
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cipro
"quinolone" good for difficult to kill bugs - anthrax oral, IM, ears, eyes |
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amantadine
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Symmetrel
antiviral - Influenze A prophylactically when no vaccine therapeutic use can reduce recovery time |
Insomnia, nervousness, lightheadedness
Anorexia, nausea, others |
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Acyclovir
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Zovirax
Antiviral Suppresses replication of genital herpes, herpes zoster, chicken pocks drug of choice Oral, topical, parenteral - transient burning sensation IV over 1 hour Stable at room temp 12 hours - no fridge! 2400ml/day |
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oseltamivir
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Tamiflu
neurominidase inhibitor(Relenza also) Influenza A and B reduce duration of illness begin w/in 2 days of symptoms |
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HAART
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Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
At least 3 meds in mix (like retrovir) begin immediatley to stop HIV from evolving Causes bone marrow depression - change after 1 year NOT give at same time as other meds Compliance is ESSENTIAL |
watch for opportunistic diseases
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nystatin
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antifungal
most common Fungi are hard to kill topical and systemic fungus infections Lozenge - fully disolve, do not chew or swallow Suspension - swish thoroughly in mouth as long as possible before swallowing |
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amphotericin B
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anitfungal
one of oldest and most popular Some newer drugs have fewer adverse reactions Give Tylenol or antihystamine before or antiemetic to control advers. If peristesia - stop and call Dr. NI: Use IV infusion pumps and the most distal veins possible |
ADverse:
chills, dysrhyth.., nausea, anorexia, fever, headache, malaise, hypotension, muscle and jt pain, lowered Ka nd MG levels, RENAL Toxicity, NEUROtoxicity - seizures and paresthesia (watch for numbness and tingling) |
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diflucan
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antifungal
one time dose for vaginal yeast infection obstain from sex, infectio will subside Do not stop for menses |
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