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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HOW DO ANITBIOTICS WORK?
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INHIBIT GROWTH OF BACTERIA (SO ONLY EFFECTIVE WHEN THEYRE GROWING)
PREVENT MAKING CELL WALL |
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WHY AREN'T ANITBIOTICS EFFECTIVE AGAINST VIRUSES?
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DIFFERENT COVERING
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WHY DO BAC CELLS NOT BURST?
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1. WATER ENETERS CELLS CONSTANTLY BY OSMOSIS
2. CELL WALL IS INELASTIC, RESISTS EXPANSION 3. FURTHER ENTRY IS PREVENTED |
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WHAT DO ANTIBIOTICS DO TO CELL WALLS
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1. INHIBIT SYNTHESIS & ASSEMBLING PEPTIDE CROSS LINKAGES SO CELL WALL IS WEAKER
2. CANT RESIST PRESSURE OF WATER SO BURSTS BY OSOMOTIC LYSIS AND BAC CELL IS KILLED |
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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
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NOT DUE TO TOLERANCE OF AB
DUE TO RANDOM MUTATIONS LEADING TO MAKING OF NEW PROTEINS = NEW FUNCTIONS |
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PENICILLIN RESISTANCE
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1. MUTATION = NEW PROTEINS
2. PROTEIN = ENZYME (PENICILLINASE) BREAKSE DOWN PN BEFORE IT KILLS BACTERIA |
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ARE MUTATIONS ALWAYS AN ADVANTAGE?
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* MAY BE HARMFUL AND KILL CELL
* P/ASE ONLY ADVANTAGE IF BAC CELL IN PRESENCE OF PENICILLIN |
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HOW DO MUTANTS DOMINATE/OUT-COMPETE NORMAL VARIETY?
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1. AB USED, KILLS BAC W/O P/ASE (PN RESISTANCE) LEAVING BEHIND THE RESISTANT MUTANTS
2. MUTANTS SURVIVE & DIVIDE, PASS ON ALLELES FOR RESISTANCE SO NEW BACTERIA MAY ALSO BE RESISTANT (VERTICAL GENE TRANSMISSION) 3. INC IN ALLELE FREQUENCY = INC IN MUTANT SPECIES |
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CAN RESISTANCE BE PASSED ONTO OTHER SPECIES?
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ALLELES CONTAINED IN PLASMIDS CAN BE TRANSMITTED TO OTHER SPECIES BY CONJUGATION/HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSMISSION
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HIGH USE OF ANTIBIOTICS = INC IN RESISTANT SPECIES
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RESISTANT OUT-COMPETE NON RESISTANT VARIETY
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SUPERBUGS
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ACCUMULATION OF ALLELES FOR RESISTANCE TO VARIETY OF ABs
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