Antibiotics

Front 1

What does PBP stand for?

Back 1

Penicillin–Binding Proteins

Front 2

What are ß-lactamases ?

Back 2

Enzymes produced by a microbe that disrupts ß-lactam ring & inactivates drug

Front 3

What is the most common mechanism of resistance in antibiotics?

Back 3

ß-lactamases

Front 4

What are the 5
different classes of penicillins?

Back 4

1. natural PCN
2. Penicillinase resistant
3 .Aminopenicillins
4. Antipseudomonas
5. Combinations (+ b-lactamase inhibitor)

Front 5

What are the 2 forms of natural PCNs?

Back 5

Penicillin G - for IM or IV
Penicillin V - for oral use

Front 6

Penicillin has a ______ spectrum

Back 6

narrow, mostly gram +

Front 7

What gram negative organisms does Penicillin work against?

Back 7

Neisseria meningitidis

Front 8

What Spirochetes does PCN work against?

Back 8

Treponema pallidum
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme dis)

Front 9

What anaerobe is PCN very active against?

Back 9

non B. fragilis

Front 10

Drug of choice for strep pharyngitis?

Back 10

Oral Penicillin

Front 11

Procaine penicillin IM is less painful than benzathine because?

Back 11

It has local anesthetic activity

Front 12

How long is procaine PCN detectable?

Back 12

12-24 hours

Front 13

How long is benzathine PCN detectable?

Back 13

2-4 wks

Front 14

Benzathine and procaine PCN are often combined because? What is the name of the combo?

Back 14

The procaine makes the injection less painful

Bicillin

Front 15

What drug is used to treat Strep pharyngitis or Syphilis ?

Back 15

Benzathine PCN IM

Front 16

What are the 2 IV forms of Penicillinase resistant penicillins?

Back 16

Nafcillin (most common) and oxacillin

Front 17

What are the 2 PO forms of Penicillinase resistant penicillins?

Back 17

dicloxicillin (most common) and cloxacillin

Front 18

First choice drug for Moraxella catarrhalis?

Back 18

TMP-SMZ, 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin

Front 19

Alternative drugs for Moraxella catarrhalis?

Back 19

EES, quinolone, clarithromycin, azithromycin

Front 20

First choice drug for N. gonorrhoeae

Back 20

Ceftriaxone, (3rd generation), cefpodoxime

Front 21

Alternative drugs for N. gonorrhoeae

Back 21

Cefoxitin (2nd generation),

Front 22

First choice drugs for N. meningitidis

Back 22

PCN G

Front 23

Alternative drugs for N. meningitidis

Back 23

Chloramphenicol, cephalosporin (3rd generation),

Front 24

PCN G is the drug of choice for infections caused by?

Back 24

Streptococci
Meningococci
Enterococci
PCN susceptible pneumococci
non-B-lactamase-producing staphylococci,
Treponema pallidum
clostridium species

Front 25

PCN V is a narrow spectrum antibiotic that is used only for?

Back 25

Minor infections

Front 26

What are the common macrolides?

Back 26

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

Front 27

What is the mechanism of action of EES?

Back 27

50 S subunit protein synthesis inhibitor

Front 28

Drugs used for S. Pneumoniae?

Back 28

Amoxicillin, Penicillin V, FQ, cefuroxime

Front 29

Drugs used for H. influenzae?

Back 29

augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate)
doxycycline
FQ

Front 30

Drugs used for Mycoplasma Pneumoniae?

Back 30

doxycycline
FQ
macrolides (EES, azithromycin, clarithromycin)

Front 31

Drugs used for Chlamydia Pneumoniae?

Back 31

doxycycline
FQ
macrolides

Front 32

Drugs used for Legionella?

Back 32

doxycycline
FQ
macrolides

Front 33

treatment for atypical pneumonia?

Back 33

1. macrolides
2. doxycycline
3. FQ

Front 34

Where are staphs, streps and corynebacterium found?

Back 34

Skin

Front 35

What are normal flora of the nose and respiratory tract?

Back 35

Strep, including strep pneumoniae,
Neisserias, haemophilus groups, staphs, moraxella

Front 36

What are normal flora of the gut?

Back 36

Enterococcus (gram +), Klebsiella, shigella, E. coli, serratia, anaerobes

Front 37

What AB are first line for respiratory gram neg organisms?

Back 37

cephalosporins, B-lactamase PCNs

Front 38

What cephalosporin has the best CSF coverage and is used to cover meningitis?

Back 38

Ceftriaxone 4th generation

It is the first-line drug for meningitis in neonate, children, and adults

Front 39

What are 3rd generation cephalosporins used against?

Back 39

nosocomial pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and UTIs

Front 40

What are 2nd generation cephalosporins used against?

Back 40

community acquired pneumonia, as it covers both S. Pneumonia, H. Influenzae, and Moraxella

Front 41

What antibiotic has the broadest antibacterial activity of any antibiotic known to man?

Back 41

Imipenum - think of a pen crossing out almost all of them, but not MRSA and mycoplasma, or chlamydia

Front 42

What are some of the side effects of Imipenum?

Back 42

can cause allergic rxns similar to PCN. Also lowers the seizure threshold.

Front 43

What antibiotic is called the "magic bullet" for gram negative bacteria? It only works on gram negatives

Back 43

Aztreonam
There is little cross-reactivity with the bicyclic beta-lactams, so it can be used in PCN allergic patients

Front 44

what are some common aminoglycosides?

Back 44

gentamicin, amikacin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin

Front 45

What are aminoglycosides used for?

Back 45

Serious gram-negative bacillary infections (especially those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Front 46

Side effects of aminoglycosides

Back 46

*
Renal toxicity (often reversible)
*
Vestibular and auditory toxicity (often irreversible)
*
Prolongation of effects of neuromuscular blockers