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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the MOA of Penicillin?
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Inhibits cell wall synthesis; bactericidal
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What are the Penicillinase-resistant penicillins?
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Methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
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What are penicillinase-resistant penicillins used for?
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S. aureus (except MRSA)
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What are the anti-pseudomonal penicillins?
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Ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin
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When is Aztreonam used?
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Against gram-negative rods in penicillin-allergic patients and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides
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What is the DOC for Enterobacter?
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Imipenem/cilastatin
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What is Vancomycin used for?
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Serious gram-positive multidrug-resistant organisms (S. aureus and C. difficile)
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What are toxicities are seen with Vancomycin?
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Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis (NOT) and 'red-man/neck syndrome" (from fast infusion)
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What are the Aminoglycosides? Used for? Toxicities?
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'Mean' GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes.
Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin; Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and teratogen Not useful for anaerobes |
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What drugs should be avoided in pregnancy?
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SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care:
Sulfonamides Aminoglycosides Fluoroquinolones Erythromycin Metronidazole Tetracyclines Ribavirin Griseofulvin Chloramphenicol |
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What are the macrolides?
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Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
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What is the MOA of macrolides?
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They inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit; bacteriostatic.
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What are macrolides used for?
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URIs, pneumonias, STDs
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MOA of chloramphenicol?
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inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase. Bacteriostatic
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Use of chloramphenicol?
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Meningitis (H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae)
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Toxicities of Chloramphenicol?
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Anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome
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MOA of Clindamycin?
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Blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic
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Use of Clindamycin?
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Treats anaerobes above the diaphragm
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Toxicities of Clindamycin?
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Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile overgrowth), fever, diarrhea
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What drug will cause interactions in G6PD deficient individuals? What reaction?
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Sulfonamides - causes hemolysis in G6PD deficient (commonly African Americans)
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What drug is commonly used with sulfonamides? Why?
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Trimethoprim; because sulfonamides and Trimethoprim inhibit two steps of the same pathway (folic acid creation/utilization)
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What are the adverse effects of Trimethoprim?
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Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
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What drug is used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm?
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Metronidazole
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What drugs are used for H. pylori?
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Bismuth, amoxicillin (or tetracycline) and metronidazole
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What is the MOA of fluoroquinolones?
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Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II). Bactericidal
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What are the anti-TB drugs?
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Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol
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MOA of Isoniazid?
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Decreases synthesis of mycolic acids
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MOA of Rifampin?
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Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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Toxicities of Rifampin?
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Drug interactions (P-450); Red/orange body fluid; rapid resistance if used alone
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What drug is used for prophylaxis of Gonorrhea?
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Ceftriazone
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Prophylaxis for endocarditis with surgical or dental procedures?
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Penicillins
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Prophylaxis for history of recurrent UTIs?
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TMP-SMX
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Prophylaxis for Syphilis?
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Benzathine penicillin G
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Prophylaxis for Meningococcal infection?
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Rifampin
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What drugs cross the BBB only in Meningitis?
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Penicillin, 3rd generation cephalosporins
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What drugs readily cross the BBB?
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Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracyclines
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What drugs do not cross the BBB?
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1st and 2nd gen. cephalosporins, clindamycin
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What drugs bind to the 50s ribosomal subunit?
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Erythromycin (macrolides), chloramphenicol, clindamycin
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When is the Ampicillin Rash seen?
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When ampicillin/amoxicillin is given to a pt that is infected with CMV or EBV.
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What adverse reactions can Imipenem-cilastin cause?
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Seizures
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How are tetracycline and doxycycline eliminated?
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Tetracyclilne: renal
Doxycycline: hepatic |
