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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mechanism of fluoroquinolones
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inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
BACTERICIDAL |
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what must the fluroquinolones not be administered with?
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antacids
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major adverse effect of the fluoroquinolones
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tendonitis/tendon rupture
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two pts fluroroquinolones are contraindicated in?
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pregnant women
children (because they have more cartilage) |
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indication for the fluoroquinolones
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gram-negative bacteria
-of urinary and GI tracts including PSUEDOMONAS |
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drug that covers all gram positive bugs
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Vanco
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vanco mechanism
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inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan formation by binding D-ala-D-ala portion of cell wall preursors
Bactericidal |
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3 major clinical bugs vanco is used againts
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MRSA
enterococci C. diff |
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drug that causes red man syndrome
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vanco
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how can red man syndrome be prevented
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pretreatment with antihistamines and slow infusion rate of vanco
(caused by a non-immunologic release of histamine that causes a red rash on the torso) |
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what are the 3 major toxicities of vanco other than red man syndrome?
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Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity Thrombophlebitis |
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drug that inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, is bacteriostatic, and is used with sulfamethoxazole
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trimethoprim
combo = TMP/SMX (bactrim) |
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mechanism of the sulfa drugs
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PABA antimetobolites that inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (also bacteriostatic)
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the sulfas can cover what?
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gram-pos and gram-neg
nocadria** chlamydia |
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which drug can cause kernicterus in infants?
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sulfa drugs
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which drugs cause photosensitivity and hemolysis (in a G6PD defecient pt)
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sulfas
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drug that can cause tubulointerstitial nephritis
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sulfas
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drug that causes a megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, and granulocytopenia?
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trimethoprim
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what should you give to avoid the adverse effects of trimethoprim?
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folinic acid (leucovorin rescue)
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what are the 4 major uses for TMP/SMX?
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well remember TMP Smx...
Tree: respiratory tree, covers S. pneumo and H. influe. Mouth: GI, covers shigella, salmonella, E. coli Pee: UTI's, prostatitis, and urethritis caused by above enterics (usually E. coli) Syndrome (AIDS)- PCP (when CD4 drops below 200) and toxoplasmosis (when it drops below 100) |
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which drug is used to treat M. avium complex when the CD4 count is below 50?
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azithromycin
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pt with AIDS has PCP but has a sulfa allergy. what drug can be given as an alternative?
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Pentamidine
(aerosolized) |
