Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
This is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against anaerobes, especially bacteroides.
|
Chloramphenicol
|
|
|
The most serious side-effect of high doses of tetracyclines is ...
|
Renal injury
|
|
|
Name the major groups of B-lactam antibiotics
|
Penicillins
Cephalosporins Carbacephems |
|
|
Cefazolin is sensative to the B-lactamases of which group?
|
The Enterobacteriaceae (which are gram-)
|
|
|
The macrolides are cleared by the ...
|
Liver
|
|
|
What advantage do the aminopenicillins have over penicillin G?
|
Significantly greater activity against gram- bacteria. Especially when combined with B-lactam inhibitors
|
|
|
The major potential side-effect of chloramphenicol for the patient is ...
|
dose-dependant, reversible, bone marrow suppression
|
|
|
Name some groups of antibiotics effective against anaerobes.
|
Penicillins
Chloramphenicol the macrolides (erythromycic) metronidazole clindamycin 3rd generation cephalosporins |
|
|
characterize bacteroides
(gram stain, shape, metabolism) |
Gram-
Rod Obligate anaerobe |
|
|
How is penicillin eliminated?
|
Renal
|
|
|
Name 3 tetracyclines.
|
1) tetracycline
2) Oxytetracycline 3) Doxycycline |
|
|
Name 2 cephalosporins.
|
cefazolin
cephalexin |
|
|
Describe the spectrum of the aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin, ampicillin).
|
gram+ bacteria
many gram- bacteria such as the enterobacteriaceae |
|
|
The lincosamides (clindamycin, lincomycin) are cleared by the ...
|
Liver
|
|
|
Describe the enterobacteriaceae (enterics) in terms of gram stain,and metabolism.
|
Gram-
Facultative anaerobes |
|
|
Name 6 enetrics (enterobactereaceae).
|
Escherichia
Klebsiella Proteus Salmonella Shigella Yersinia |
|
|
Describe the spectrum of the cephalosporins.
|
Many enterics
B-lactamase producing Staphylococcus spp. |
|
|
What major group of microbes are the aminoglycosides not affective against?
|
Anaerobes
(just like the fluoroquinolones) |
|
|
Name some aminoglycoside antibiotics.
|
gentamycin
tobramycin amikacin neomycin |
|
|
name 5 common characteristics of lincosamides (clindamycin, lincomycin)
and macrolides (erythromycin). |
1) excreted by the liver
2) bacteriostatic 3) good against gram+ 4) OK against anerobes 5) Most aerobic gram- are resistant |
|
|
Give the MOA of the macrolides (erythromycin).
|
They bind the 50s ribosomal subunit preventing peptide formation.
|
|
|
What antibiotic is particularly useful against Campylobacter?
|
Erythromycin
|
|
|
Name 2 important anaerobes
|
Clostridium
Bacteroides |
|
|
Give the spectrum of the
macrolides (erythromycin) and lincosamides(clindamycinm lincomycin) |
Bad against gram-
good against -staph, strep -campylobacter -clostridium -mycoplasma -chlamydia -toxoplasma gondii (clindamycin) |
|
|
Give the spectrum of the tetracyclines.
|
Gram+
Gram- Aerobes Anaerobes Rickettsia Ehrlichia Mycoplasma ***but resistance is widespread & common |
|
|
Sulfa drugs are cleared by the ...
|
kidney AND liver
|
|
|
Name 2 lincosamide antibiotics.
|
Lincomycin
clindamycin |
|
|
Name 6 drawbacks to sulfa drugs.
|
1) Immune reactions in black & tan dogs
2) KCS in small dogs 3) Allergic skin reactions 4) Polyarthritis 5) Hypothyroidism 6) Renal injury |
|
|
Give the spectrum of trimethoprim-sulfonamides.
|
BROAD
-Streptococcus -Pasteurella -Proteus -Salmonella -Toxoplasma -Coccidia |
|
|
What major class of microbes is not covered by the spectrum of the fluoroquinolones?
|
Anaerobes
|
|
|
Fluoroquinolones are cleared by the ...
|
Kidneys
|
|
|
Which class of antibiotics can produce tooth discoloration and inhibit long bone growth in young animals?
|
Tetracyclines
|
|
|
What other benefit besides antimicrobial is there to metronidazole?
|
antiinflammatory
|
|
|
What major side effect has been reported for metronidazole?
|
Neurotoxicosis which may recover in 1 to 2 weeks
|
|
|
Give the spectrum of metronidazole.
|
Anaerobic gram- (bacteroides)
Giardia Entamoeba +/- clostridium |
|
|
Characterize Clostridium
(gram, shape, metabolism) |
Gram+
Rod Obligate anaerobe |
|
|
What 2 classes of antibiotics are the anaerobes immune to?
|
Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides
|
|
|
Characterize Streptococcus.
|
Gram+
Coccus Facultative anaerobe catalase- |
|
|
Cephalosporins: cidal or static?
|
Bacteriacidal
|
|
|
How are the aminoglycosides cleared?
|
Kidneys
|
|
|
Name 2 macrolide antibiotics.
|
Erythromycin
Tylosin |
|
|
What protozoal infection is clindamycin used for?
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
|
|
Name an important group of gram- facultative bacteria.
|
Enterobacteriaceae
|
|
|
This antibiotic distributes well to bones and joints and so is used for osteomyelitis caused by staphylococcus.
|
Clindamycin
|
|
|
Chloramphenicol is cleared by the ...
|
Liver
(like the macrolides and lincosamides) |
|
|
Characterize Staphylococcus
(gram, shape, metabolism) |
Gram+
Coccus Facultative anaerobe catalase + |
