Antibiotics

Front 1

Name two classes of abx that bind to same or overlapping binding site of erythromycin?

Back 1

Macrolides and lincosamides, Streptogramin B

Front 2

Name four drug classes the bind to ribosomes

Back 2

Aminoglycosides: Inhibits initiation
Tetracyclines: blocks binding of 50S subunit
Chloramphenicol: Inhibits transpeptidase
Oxalidinones: Inhibits complex formation
Macrolides, Lincosamides, Streptogramins, Ketolides: Bind to 50S subunit

A Terrible Chap Outs My Lone SOMAL Ketone --→ Cyclines and Mycins

Front 3

Name four classes of B- lactams:

Back 3

Monobactams
Carbepenams (Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertpenem) – broad gram
Cephalosporins
Penicillins

Front 4

true or false? Aminoglycosides are bacteriostatic

Back 4

FALSE- bacteriocidal

Front 5

True or false? compared to erythromycin, newer macrolides more acid stable.

Back 5

True

Front 6

what enzyme is responsible for cross-linking peptidoglycan of cell wall

Back 6

Transpeptidase

Front 7

With inflamed meninges and IV penicillin, is the concentration higher in the CSF or serum?

Back 7

even w/inflamed meninges, serum concentration > CSF

Front 8

Which generation of cephalosporins doesn’t get into CSF?

Back 8

First

Front 9

name four/five ‘classes’ of cephalosporins

Back 9

1st cephalothin, cephalozin, cephalexin (first you get your ph)

2nd cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefuroxime (then you a tetan that takes fox to make fur)

3rd ceftazidime, cefoperazone (MTT), cefotaxine, ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefpodoxime (and last you get a Tri-pod that needs to be fixed with tax per tazo.

4th cefepime Pick Me I’m the best (PIME)

“5th”:Ceftaroline active against MRSA TAR-MAN can KILL MRSA

Front 10

Side chains on B lactam antibiotics can affect properties such as ______ ?

Back 10

Acid stability
Bioavailability
Ability to go through porins
Half-life

Front 11

Serum half life of penicillin G?
Cephalosporins?
Ceftriaxone?

Back 11

30 minutes
1-2 hours
8 Hours

Front 12

urinary antiseptic that produces formaldehyde

Back 12

methanamine

Front 13

name 4 adverse events due to penicillin

Back 13

Seizures
Rash
Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia
hypersensitivity

Front 14

name three general categories of B-lactam resistance

Back 14

Beta-lactamases, esp in gram neg organisms
Altered targets
Efflux
Porins

Front 15

Name a rapid mechanism used to ID infectious agents that has been in clinical use for decades

Back 15

gram stain

Front 16

What does SPA stand for?

Back 16

Source
Pathogen
Antibiotic

Front 17

name 3 aminoglycosides

Back 17

Streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

Front 18

Name one oral and one IV first gen cephalosporin

Back 18

Cephalexin is oral
Caphalothin and cefazolin are IV

Front 19

Telithromycin (ketolide) side effect?

Back 19

Visual

Front 20

True or false? B lactamase inhibitors are broadest spectrum because active against even antibiotic resistant strains.

Back 20

False, they aren’t antibiotics

Front 21

true or false? newer macrolides active against mycobacterium such as MAI

Back 21

True

Front 22

class of abx that binds to ribosome and is bacteriocidal?

Back 22

aminoglycosides

Front 23

drug that when expired can cause franconi sundrome?

Back 23

Tetracycline

Front 24

inhibits renal dihydropeptidase, the enzyme that degrades imipenem

Back 24

Cilastatin

Front 25

classes of B lactams classified by ____?

Back 25

side rings (sulfur, non-sulfur, 5 or 6)

Front 26

Name 3 penicillins not hydrolyzed by penicillinase produced by s aureus:

Back 26

IV: nafcillin, oxacillin
po:dicloxacillin
methicillin

NOD OF DEATH

Front 27

which penicillin is hepatically cleared

Back 27

Naficillin

Front 28

what adverse rxn do cephalosporins w MTT side chain and metronidazole have in common

Back 28

Disulfram reaction

Front 29

two antipseudomonal penicillins:

Back 29

Carboxypenicillin
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin
Ureidopenicillin
piperacillin

Cats Can Take U pseudamonas

Front 30

Name one 3rd gen and one 4th gen cephalosporin active against pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Back 30

3: ceftazapine, ceftriazone
4: cefapime

Front 31

Name two third gen cephalosporins not active against p aeruginosa

Back 31

Ceftriaxone, cefotaxine

Front 32

three gram positive organisms that aren’t inhibited by cephalosporins

Back 32

Listeria, enterococcus, MRSA- except 5th gen

Front 33

which has the longest half-life: imipenem, meropenem, ertapenam?

Back 33

ertapenam (4hrs)

Front 34

ertapenem is not active against which common nosocomial gram negative rod?

Back 34

pseudamonas

Front 35

name 3 b-lactamase inhibitors

Back 35

tazobactam, clavulonic acid, sulbactam

Front 36

AB agent that causes discoloration of teeth when given to young children?

Back 36

Doxycycline

Front 37

Which abx causes redman syndrome by causing histamine release?

Back 37

Vancomycin

Front 38

Sulfonamides are similar in structure to _____?

Back 38

PABA (para amino benzoaic acid – part of folate metabolism)

Front 39

antibacterial agent that is a cationic detergent?

Back 39

polymixin

Front 40

daptomycin not indicated for treatment of:

Back 40

Pneumonia- doesn’t penetrate lung

Front 41

daptomycin not indicated for treatment of:

Back 41

Pneumonia- doesn’t penetrate lung

Front 42

target for echinocandin antifungal agents?

Back 42

Beta Glucan

Front 43

Name three toxicities of aminoglycosides:

Back 43

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (irreversible), neuromuscular toxicity

HORN - hypersensitivity, ototoxicity, renal toxicity, neuromuscular blockade

Front 44

what class of abx synergistic w b lactams against enterococci:

Back 44

aminoglycosides (for enterococci use: penicillin + aminoglycoside)

Front 45

Name 3 drugs from different classes active against aspergillus:

Back 45

amphotericin, echinocandins, voraconazole, intraconazole

Front 46

True or false? p aeruginosa universally susceptible to ciprofloxacin?

Back 46

False, 1/3 are quinolone resistant

Front 47

Tetracycline that causes vertigo?

Back 47

monocycline

Front 48

Derivative of nalidixic acid:

Back 48

Ciprofloxacin (quinolones)

Front 49

Name two classes of abx that when given orally have decrease bioavailability when coadministered with Ca++:

Back 49

Tetracycline, quinolines

Front 50

Aminoglycoside active against mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Back 50

streptomycin

Front 51

Mechanism of action of oxazolidinones

Back 51

ADP-ribosylate (ibhibits protein synthesis

Front 52

Name an oxazolidinone?

Back 52

linezolid

Front 53

name an abx that antagonizes effect of penicillin

Back 53

tetracycline

Front 54

which cephalosporin has longest half life?

Back 54

Ceftriaxone

Front 55

anti infective agaent active against giardia, bacteroides, lablia, trichomonas/

Back 55

Metronidazole

Front 56

used for treatment of lower pole uti but not pylonephritis?

Back 56

Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin

Front 57

abx agent with good penetration into prostate?

Back 57

quinolones, trimetoprine

Front 58

grey baby syndrome cause by which ab?

Back 58

Chloramphenicol (mitochondrial ribosomes are more similar to bacteria ribosomes)

Front 59

four antifungal drugs that are azoles?

Back 59

Glucanozole, itraconazole, gloriconazole, ketoconazole

Front 60

target for polyene antifungal agents:

Back 60

Egosterol (Ex: ampho B)

Front 61

Target for azole antifungal agents?

Back 61

ergosterol synthesis

Front 62

name a polyene given systemically, and one used topically

Back 62

Systemic: amphotericin
Topical: nystatin

Front 63

caspofungin, micafungin and enidulofungin are what?

Back 63

echinocandins

Front 64

common ADE of clavulonic acid?

Back 64

diarrhea

Front 65

TMP/SMX should not be used for treatment to pharyngitis due to:

Back 65

Should not be used to treat GAS because it does not eradicate streptococcus

Front 66

quinolone active against strep pneumoniae?

Back 66

Levofloxacin, moxyfloxacin, gattafloxacin