Antibiotics

Front 1

Penicillins

Back 1

Alter bacterial cell wall formation resulting in cell lysis with continued organism growth.
(BACTERICIDAL)

Front 2

Cephalosporins

Back 2

Alter bacterial cell wall formation - same as penicillin.
(BACTERICIDAL)

Front 3

Aminoglycosides

Back 3

Bind to 30S ribosomes, resulting in irreversible inhibition of protein synthesis.
(BACTERICIDAL)

Front 4

Fluoroquinolones

Back 4

Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.
(BACTERICIDAL)

Front 5

Metronidazole

Back 5

Undergoes structural change (reduction of its nitro group) once inside its target organism, resulting in liberation of unstable intermediate compounds and free radicals, which disrupt bacterial DNA.
(BACTERICIDAL)

Front 6

Trimethoprim/sulfonamide

Back 6

Acts synergistically to inhibit the synthesis of folic acid, a compound necessary for microbial production of DNA.
Sulfonamides block the firt step in folic acid sunthesis, and trimethoprim blocks the second step in this pathway.
(BACTERICIDAL)

Front 7

Vancomycin

Back 7

Disrupts biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, the major cell wall polymer, thus inhibiting cell wall synthesis (this differs from mechanism of beta lactam antimicrobials)
Inhibits bacterail RNA synthesis and alters membrane permeability
(BACTERICIDAL)

Front 8

Rifampin

Back 8

Forms a stable drug-enzyme compex with the bacteial RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for DNA transcription, thus inhibiting its function.
(BACTERICIDAL)

Front 9

Tetracycline

Back 9

Binds reversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit microbial protein synthesis

Front 10

Chloramphenicol

Back 10

Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit microbial protein synthesis.
Can inhibit mammalian mitochondria protein synthesis.

Front 11

Erythromycin (Macrolide)

Back 11

Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit microbial protein synthesis

Front 12

Tylosin (Macrolide)

Back 12

Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit microbial protein synthesis

Front 13

Lincomycin

Back 13

Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit microbial protein synthesis

Front 14

Clindamycin

Back 14

Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibit microbial protein synthesis
Antagonism exists between lincosamides, macrolides, and chloramphenical because of the similiar site of action.