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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Penicillin G
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•Natural Penicillin
•Bactericidal •Cannot be orally administered due to acid hydrolysis sensitive |
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Penicillin V
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•Natural penicillin
•Narrow spectrum •More stable than penicillin G •Short half life |
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Penicillinase-resistant Penicillin
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•Synthetic penicillin
•Used for G(+) (especially staphylococcus) •Resistant to beta-lactamase •Toxic |
•Methicillin
•Nafcillin •Oxacillin •Dicloxacillin •Flucloxacillin |
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Extended Spectrum Penicillin
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•Synthetic penicillin
•Some G(-) included too •Can penetrate outer membrane •Sensitive to beta-lactamase |
•Ampicillin
•Amoxicillin |
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Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillin
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•Synthetic penicillin
•Commonly used against Pseudomonas aeruginosa •Toxic |
•Piperacillin
•Ticarcillin |
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Combination Products
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•Combination product penicillin
•Penicillin with beta-lactamase inhibitors added •Expanded spectrum |
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First Generation Cephalosporins
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•Broad spectrum
•Active against G(+) cocci (except MRSA and enterococci) •Also good against Escherichia, Proteus and Klebsiella |
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Second Generation Cephalosporins
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•Extended Spectrum
•Active against G(+) cocci (except MRSA and enterococci) •Also good against G(-) •Also good against Escherichia, Proteus and Klebsiella |
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Third Generation Cephalosporins
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•Broad Spectrum
•Increased resistance to beta-lactamase •Mainly used against G(-) •Some able to cross BBB |
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Fourth Generation Cephalosporins
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•Extended Spectrum
•More resistant to beta-lactamases •Good against P. aeruginosa and G(+) •Parenterally administered •Can cross BBB |
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Bacitracin
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•Carbapenem
•G(+) •Inhibits cell wall synthesis by interfering with dephosphorylation of lipid carrier responsible for moving peptidoglycan precursors through CM to cell wall •Nephrotoxic if administered parenterally |
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Vancomycin
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•Attacks G(+)
•Inhibits cell wall synthesis preventing elongation of peptidoglycans •Nephrotoxic •Neurotoxic •Ototoxic |
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Polymyxin B
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•Cell Membrane Inhibitor
•Disrupt/Distort membrane •Nephrotoxic |
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Daptomycin
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•Cell Membrane Inhibitor
•Binds and depolarizes membrane •Not for use in elderly |
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Aminoglycoside
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•Protein synthesis inhibitor
•Targets 30S subunit (blocks initiation complex) •Nephrotoxic (creatinine levels increase) •Ototoxic (damage to CNVII) |
•Streptomycin
•Gentamycin •Amikacin •Neomycin •Tobramycin |
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Tetracycline
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•Protein synthesis inhibitor
•Bacteriostatic •Targets 30S subunit (blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA) •Not used on children/pregnant women (bone seeking) |
•-CYCLINES
•Tetracycline •Doxycycline •Demeclocycline •Minocycline |
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Chloramphenicol
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•Protein synthesis inhibitor
•Bacteriostatic •Targets 50S subunit interfering with peptidyl transferase •Hematotoxic (reversible aplastic anemia) •Restricted for typhoid fever, plague, rocky mountain spotted fever, penicillin resistant H influenza, meningococcal infections |
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Macrolides
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•Protein synthesis inhibitor
•Targets 50S blocking initiation complex |
•-THROMYCINS
•Erythromycin •Clarithromycin •Azithromycin •Telithromycin |
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Clindamycin
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•Protein synthesis inhibitor
•Bacteriostatic •Targets 50S•Moderate Toxicity (C. diff, pseudomembranous colitis) |
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Streptogramins
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•Protein synthesis inhibitor
•Targets 50S |
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Linezolid
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•Protein synthesis inhibitor
•Targets 50S |
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Rifamycin
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•Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor
•Good against Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
•Rifampin
•Rifabutin •Rifaximin |
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Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
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•Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor
•Low toxicity but nor for kids or pregnant women |
•-FLOXACINS
•Levofloxacin •Norfloxacin •Ciprofloxacin |
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Metronidazole
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•Antimetabolite
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Sulfonamide
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•Antimetabolite
•Sulfa drugs |
•Sulfamethoxazole
•Sulfisoxazole •Sulfamerazine |
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Trimethoprim
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•Antimetabolite
•Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase which converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrafolic acid |
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Dapsone
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•Antimetabolite
• Can result in toxic hepatits |
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Isoniazid
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•Antimetabolite
•Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis •Good against Tubercle bacillus (TB) •Neurotoxic •Hepatotoxic |
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Nystatin-Polyene
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•Antifungal
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Amphotericin-Polyene
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•Antifungal
•Used for systemic candidiasis |
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Miconazole
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•Antifungal
•Azole •Blocks synthesis of ergosterol |
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Fluconazole
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•Antifungal
•Azole |
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Itraconazole
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•Antifungal
•Azole •Used against Aspergillus •Toxicity issues |
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Echinocandin
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•Antifungal
•Blocks production of glucan in cell wall of fungi |
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Terbinafine
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•Antifungal
•Increased hepatic toxicity when used in tablet form |
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