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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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1st generation penicillins formulations
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G (parenteral)
V (Oral) Used to slow down the elimination of penicillin |
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Penicillin G salts
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Benzathine
Procaine Slows down absorption |
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First generation penicillin coverage
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GAS,
Strep Viridans, Strep pneumo, Staph, Enterococcus Neiserria meng. Clostridium Syphillus |
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2nd generation penicillins
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Oxacillin
Nafcillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin |
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Dicloxacillin
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Dycill
Dynapen 2nd generation penicillins two chloride 250-500mg po q6h |
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Cloxacillin
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Cloxapen
one chloride 250-500mg po q6h |
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Oxacillin
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Prostaphlin
Bactocill 1-2g po IM IV q 4-6 hours |
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2nd generation penicillins coverage
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MSSA
Strep Viridans No G(-) No enterococci |
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Nafcillin
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Nafcill
Unipen 2nd generation penicillin 1-2g IV IM q 4-6 hrs |
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Penicillin G
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Pfizerpen
2-4 million units q4h |
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Penicillin G procaine
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Wycillin
300,000-600,000 Units/day |
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Penicillin G Benzathine
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Bicillin LA
1.2 million units for strep throat 2.4 million units for syphillis |
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Pen-Vee-K
Veetids |
Penicillin V
250-500mg po bid-qid |
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Omipen
Principen |
Ampicillin
3rd generation penicillin 1-2g IV IM po q4-6hrs |
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Amoxil
Trimox Moxatag |
Amoxicillin
3rd generation penicillin 250-500mg po q8h 775mg (ER) po q24h |
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3rd generation penicillin coverage
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Strep Viridans
Staph aureus Enterococcus (IV AMP) Listeria (IV AMP) Salmonella Shigella H. influenza E. coli Proteus |
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4th generation penicllins
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Piperacillin
Ticarcillin |
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Pipracil
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Piperacillin
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Piperacillin coverage
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Strep group
Strep viridans Enterococcus Salmonllea Shigella H. Influenza E.coli Enterobacteracie Proteus Pseudamonas |
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Ticarcillin coverage
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Marginal G (+)
Salmonella Shigella E.coli Enterobacteraciae Proteus Pseudamonas (weak) |
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Augmentin
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Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid
250-500mg po tid 500-875mg po bid Extra coverage of anaerobes (bites) |
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Unasyn
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Ampicillin Sulbactam
1.5-3g IV q6-8hr Extra coverage for anaerobes |
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Zosyn
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Piperacillin tazobactam
4.5g IV q6h |
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Timentin
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ticarcillin clavulanic acid
3.1g IV q4-6h |
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SE of beta-lactams
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rash
GI upset C. difficle Neutropenia Hepatitis: Nafcillin Oxacillin |
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DDI of beta-lactams
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probenecid can increase half-life
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beta-lactam distribution
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all over the body except the prostate and eye
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beta-lactam absorption
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poor GI bioavailability
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Cefadroxil
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Duricef
Ultracef 1st generation cephalosporin 1-2g po in 1-2 divided doses |
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1st generation cephalosporin
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Cefadroxil
Cefazolin Cephalexin |
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1st generation cephalosporin coverage
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Staph aureus
Strep group Strep viridans Proteus E. Coli Klebsiella |
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Ancef
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Cefazolin
1st generation cephalosporin 250-1000mg IV q8h |
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Keflex
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Cephalexin
1st generation cephalosporin 250-500mg po q6h |
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2nd generation cephalosporin coverage
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Staph aureus
Strep (but weaker than 1st) H. influ Enterobacter Neiserria gon. Proteus E. coli Klebsiella |
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Ceclor
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Cefaclor
250-500mg po q8hr |
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Cefotan
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Cefotetan
2nd generation 1-2g q12h IM IV. Has coverage against B. fragilis. Has MTT side-chain |
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Mefoxin
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Cefoxitin
2nd generation 1-2 g q6-8hr IV. Has anaerobic coverage |
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Cefzil
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Cefprozil
250-500mg po q12-24h. Has anaerobic activity. |
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Ceftin
Zinacef |
Cefuroxime
750-1500mg q8h IV IM Crosses BBB |
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3rd generation cephalosporin coverage
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S. aureus (but 1st generation best)
All Strep H. influenza Enterobacter N. gon Proteus E. coli Klebsiella Serratia |
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Omnicef
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Cefdinir
3rd generation 300mg po q12h |
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Suprax
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Cefixime
3rd generation 400mg/d |
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Claforan
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Cefotaxime
Good for Strep pn. Crosses BBB. 1-2g IV q6-8h |
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Vantin
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Cefpodoxime
Has anaerobic coverage 100-400mg po q12h |
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Fortaz,
Tazicef |
Ceftazidime
1-2g IV IM q8-12h. Crosses BBB Has Antipseudamonal activity. |
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Cedax
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Ceftibuten
3rd generation cephalosporin 400mg/d po |
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Rocephin
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Ceftriaxone
3rd generation cephalosporin 1-2g/d IV IM Crosses BBB. Good activity against Strep. pna |
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Maxipime
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Cefepime
1-2g q12h Good BBB penetration Good Strep and Staph Antipseudamonal activity |
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Azactam
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Aztreonam
1-2g q8-12h |
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Cayston
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Aztreonam Nebulizer
75mg inhaled tid |
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Carbapenams
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Imipenem
Ertapenem Meropenem |
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Carbapenam coverage
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Staph aureus
Strep HENPEKS B. fragilis Providencia Pseudomonas Acinetobacter Citrobacter |
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Primaxin
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Impenem-Cilastatin
0.5g IV IM q6-8h Does cover E. facealis Don't give for meningitis because of seizure risk. |
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Merrem
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Meropenem
500-2000mg IV q8h Nausea Intraabdominal infections: Strep viridans, E.coli, Pseudamonas, Bacteriodes |
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Invanz
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Ertapenem
1g IV IM q24h |
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Doribax
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Doripenem
500mg IV q8h. Less CNS tox. reserved for meningitis and peds along with meropenem |
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Macrolides coverage
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G+
C>A>E MSSA Strep pna group viridans strep Bacillus Corynebacterium G (-) A>C>E H. influ (not E) M. catarrhallis Neiserria (azithro) Effective against upper respiratory anaerobes Atypicals Legionella (A) Chlamydia Mycoplasma U. urelyticum Syphillis Campylobacter Bordetella Pasteurella |
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Zithromax
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Azithromycin
250mg/d IV po Can cover Legionella and Neiserria gon. 1g for Chlamydia (long half-life) can cause epidermal necrolysis Used to prevent MAC in AIDS |
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Biaxin
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Clarithromycin
250mg po bid Used in tx or ppx of MAC Used in H. pylori Can cause C. difficle Need to be dose adjusted for CrCl <30 |
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Erythromycin
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250-500mg PO q6h
estolate can cause hepatitis motility agent and can cause N/V/D Ototoxic at high doses QT prolongation safe in pregnancy P450 inhibitor |
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