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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillins
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin |
Disrupt wall synthesis
Broad Spectrum Widely Rx in adults & children |
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Penicillinase Resistant / Antistaphlococcal
Cloxacillin, Nafcillin |
Treat Staph aureus that produce penicillinase
Cannot be used on gram neg organisms (no effect) |
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Extended Spectrum / Antipseudomonal
Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) Betalactamase Inhibitor, Ticarcillin |
Effective against Pseudomonas, Klepsiella, and Ceratia
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Penicillins Side Effects
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Allergic
Superinfection N, V, & D |
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Penicillins Nursing Process
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Assess allergies, check labs, C&S, WBC, I&O
High Risk for infection, knowledge deficit |
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Cephalosporins
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Disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis
Each generation is of a broader spectrum than the previous generation **Pts allergic to PCN may be allergic to cephalosporins b/c they have a similar molecular structure |
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First Generation Cephalosporins
Ancef, Keflex |
Effective against G+ and some G-
Generally given for G+ coverage Ancef is commonly given to pts for uncomplicated surgical prophilaxis |
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Second Generation Cephalosporins
Ceclor(PO), Zinacef (IV) |
Not used as much
Given for G+ but can be used for a bit broader G- spectrum than 1st generation |
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Third Generation Cephalosporins
Fortaz, Rocephin |
Less effective against G+, but effective against Pseudomonas, Serratia
VERY effective against G- Rocephin has a long half-life |
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Fourth Generation Cephalosporins
Maxipime |
Broader G+ coverage than 3rd Generation
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Cephalosporins Side Effects
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N,V,D,
In LG doses it can increase bleeding times (CTS Clients) Nephrotoxicity in Pts that have underlying renal problems |
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Macrolides
Erythromycin |
*Inhibits protein synthesis
*For Pts allergic to PCN *Commonly used for G+ infections *Drug of choice for Mycoplasma, Legionella *Well absorbed in GI Tract |
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Macrolides Side Effects
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N,V,D
Burning at IV site Hepatotoxic |
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Extended Macrolides
Zithromax |
Have increased half-life
(Z-pak) Given loading dose, and then a maintenance dose |
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Lincosamides
Clindamycin |
Inhibits protein synthesis
Effective against G+ organisms, including Staph Side Effects include N,V, Rash, Stomatitis |
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Vancomycin
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Disrupts cell wall synthesis
Given IVPB for MRSA Given orally for Staph enterocolitis & antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due C. difficile |
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Vancomycin Side Effects
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Nephro and Oto toxic
Monitor peak and trough levels, renal function and hearing |
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NOTE about Vancomycin
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When given orally, it is NOT absorbed systemically and is excreted in the feces
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Ketolides
Ketek |
Effective against CAP Community Acquired Pneumonia
& respiratory infections |
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Tetracylines
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Inhibit protein synthesis
Effective against G+/-, mycobacteria, rickettsiae, chlamydia, H. pylori ulcers *Sometimes given with flagile Given Orally 1st Broad Spectrum Antibiotic |
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Tetracycline Side Effects
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N,V,D
Photosensitivity Teeth discoloration in children <8 Superinfection |
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Tetracycline Nursing process
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Do not take with antacids or milk because it will interfere with absorption
Store in cool dry place |
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Glycyclines
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Synthetic Tetracycline
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Aminoglycosides
Gentamycin, Tobramycin, Netilmycin |
Inhibit protein synthesis
*Effective against G- only **Not absorbed in the GI tract *Short Half-life *Given more than once a day |
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Aminoglycosides Side Effects
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N, V, D
Oto & Nephrotoxic |
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Aminoglycosides Nursing Process
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Monitor hearing, urine output, renal function, superinfection, monitor peak and trough levels
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Fluoroquinolones
Cipro, Trovan, Levaquin |
Interferes with DNA synthesis
Broad spectrum Used for respiratory, skin, soft tissue and joint infections Given orally or IVPB Well absorbed in GI Tract Should be taken on an empty stomach |
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Fluoroquinolones Side Effects
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N V D
Rash Superinfection Photosensitivity |
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Fluoroquinolones Nursing Process
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Assess renal function
Intake & Output |
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Lipopeptides
Daptomycin |
Given IV for complicated G+ infections
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Sulfonamides
Gantanol |
Inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid
Common use in UTI & Ear infection |
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Sulfonamides combined with Trimethoprim
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To prevent resistance against sulfa
Bactrim, Septra Given IVPB for pneumocystis pneumonia |
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Sulfonamides Topical Creams
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Silvadene
Opthalmic solutions for conjunctivitis, wounds, burns |
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Sulfonamides Nursing Process
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LFT, RFT
Should be taken on an empty stomach |
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Antitubercular Drugs
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INH for prophylaxis or in combination with rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin
*Take for 9-12 months or up to 2 years |
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Peripheral Neuropathy
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*Is common with INH, especially in drinking patients
*Pts given Vit B-6 IOT prevent it |
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Antitubercular Drugs Side Effects
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Liver Damage
Rifampin discolors urine (orange) |
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Antitubercular Drugs Nursing Process
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Long term F/U and compliance
Labwork, cultures, chest x-rays Monitor LFTs and RFTs |
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Antifungal/Antimycotic drugs
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Polyenes (amphotericin B; nystatin)
Imidazole (ketaconazole, miconazole, and clotrimazole) Antimetabolites (flucytosine) Anitprotozoal (atovaquone) Echinocandin (Caspofungin) Peptides (polymixin; bacitracin) Metronidazole (Flagyl) |
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Polyenes
Amphotericin B; Nystatin |
Causes electrolyte imbalance (hypotension)
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Imidazole Group
Ketaconazole, Miconazole, Clotrimazole |
Used superficially
Ketaconazole can be used systemically Clotrimazole (monistat) can be topically used |
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Antimetabolites
Flucytosine |
May be given with amphotericin
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Antiprotozoal
Atovaquone |
Used for mild treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia
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Echinocandin
Caspofungin |
Administered IV for Candida and Aspergilliosis
*Monitor LFTs and watch for phlebitis |
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Peptides
Polymixin; Bacitracin |
Topical
Antibiotic |
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Metronidazole
Flagyl |
Commonly prescribed in hospitals
Administered oral or IVPB Used to treat IBD, anaerobic infections, & GI tract organisms (amebiasis, trichomoniasis, H. pylori, pseudomembranous colitis) **PTs WILL be on Flagyl post-op** |
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Antivirals
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Treat flu, herpes, HIV
Kill/prevent the spread of viral infections |
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Nonclassified Antivirals
Amantidine, Rimantidine |
Prevent viral replication
(Rimantidine is a non-classified med to which flu has developed resistance) |
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Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Zanamivir, Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu) |
Effective against type A and B flu given within 24-48 hours
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Purine Necleosides
Acyclovir |
Interferes with DNA synthesis and viral replication
Used for herpes zoster shingles (chicken pox), CNV |
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Antimalarial
Quinine, Chloroquine |
Inhibit protozoan growth
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