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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antimetabolites: examples
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sulfonamides
trimethoprim isoniazid |
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Antimetabolites: mechanism of action
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sulfa drugs, trimethorim: inhibit synthesis of dihydrofolate, ultimately nucleic acid synthesis
flucytosine: inhibits thymidylate syntesis, DNA synthesis |
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Isoniazid: mechanism of action
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inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid
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beta-lactams, penicillins, cephalosporins: mechanism of action
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interfere with cell wall biosynthesis. inhibition of transpeptidation weakens cell wall. autolytic enzymes of bacteria then promote lysis
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cycloserine, bacitracin, glycopeptides, vancomycin, teichoplanin, caspofungin: mechanism of action
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interferes with cell wall biosynthesis
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name the penicillin:
sensitive to penicillinase limited spectrum active against G+ bacteria, G- cocci ineffective vs G- enterics acid labile |
penicillin G
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name the penicillin:
sensitive to penicillinase limited spectrum active against G+ bacteria, G- cocci ineffective vs G- enterics acid stabile |
penicillin V
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name the penicillin:
sensitive to penicillinase extended spectrum, active against G- enterics acid stable |
ampicillin
amoxicillin |
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name the penicillin:
sensitive to penicillinase extended spectrum active pseudamonas acid stable |
tricarcillin
piperacillin |
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name the penicillin:
resistant to penicillinase active against G+, not so for G- acid labile |
methicillin
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name the penicillin:
resistant to penicillinase active against G+, not so for G- acid stabile, available orally |
oxacillin
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name the cephalosporin:
active vs G+, some G- not pseudamonas |
1st generation
cefazolin |
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name the cephalosporin:
active vs G- enterics, less so G+, not pseudamonas |
2nd generation
cefuroxime |
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name that cephalosporin:
improved beta-lactamase stability broad G- spectrum effective vs pseudamonas superior CNS penetration |
ceftriaxone
ceftazidime |
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What are the characteristics of aztreonam?
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beta-lactam ring
effective against most aerobic G- including pseudaomons NOT effective against G+ or anaerobes |
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What are the characteristics of imipenem?
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resistant to most b-lactamases
broad antimicrobial spectrum |
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What are the beta-lactamase inhibitors?
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clavulanic acid (augmentin)
sulbactam |
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What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?
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only active in G+ organisms
blocks peptidoglycan precursor transfer protein |
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What are the cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
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CIDAL
penicillins cephalosporins beta-lactams (aztreonam, imipenem) glycoproteins (vancomycin) cycloserine (TB) bacitracin |
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Antibiotics that affect membrane permiability?
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CIDAL, no growth needed for action, G- enteric rods
polymyxin B |
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Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis:
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aminoglycosides (streptomycin):
tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline) erythromycin azithromycin chloramphenicol clindamycin oxazolidinones muprocin all static except aminoglycocides |
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Antibodies that inhibit DNA replication:
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CIDAL
quinolones - ciprofloxacin - moxifloxacin metronidazole |
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Antibodies that inhibit RNA synthesis:
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rifampin
cidal used with other drugs to prevent resistance secreted in saliva |
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What are the TB drugs?
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ethambutol - static vs tubercle bacilli
pyrazinamide - cidal vs TB, requires mycobacterial amidase to become activated |
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What are the antifungi drugs and their mechanisms of action?
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membrane permeability: amphotericin B, nystatin
cell membrane synthesis inhibitors: azoles, fluconazole cell wall synthesis inhibitors: caspofungin antimetabolities: flucytosine |
