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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition |
Drugs that are used to treat infections |
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Selective toxicity |
Destroying pathogens without harming the cells of the host organisms |
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Broad spectrum antibiotics |
Effective against a wide range of bacteria |
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Narrow spectrum antibiotics |
Only effective against a small number of bacteria |
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a & b |
a = bacteriostatic (stops bacterial growth) b = bactericidal (kills bacteria) |
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Cell wall synthesis inhibitors |
- penicillin (b) - cephalosporin (b) - vancomycin (b) |
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Membrane inhibitor |
- polymyxin (b) |
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Interfere with DNA replication |
- quinolones (a and b depending on concentration) |
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Interfere with metabolic reactions |
- sulfa drugs (a) |
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Protein synthesis inhibitors |
- chloramphenicol (a) - erythromycin (b) - tetracycline (a) - streptomycin (b) |
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Transcription inhibitor |
- rifampicin (b) |
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Peptidoglycans |
Held together by cross links that form between them and the synthesis of these cross links are prevented by penicillin by inhibiting the enzymes that build them |
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Cell wall of bacteria |
Burst as the bacteria take in water by osmosis and are unable to withstand as the pressure built up |
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Antibiotics resistance |
As a result of a mutation and will cause the pathogen to be unaffected by the antibiotics |
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Selection |
Ensures that this resistance is passed on to future generations of bacteria |
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Vertical transmission |
A large population of resistant bacteria can appear very quickly as bacteria only have one copy of each gene which means that the mutant gene will have an immediate effect |
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Horizontal transmission |
It is possible for resistance to pass from one species into another as genes for resistance may also occur on plasmids |
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Plasmids |
Are frequently passed from one bacterium to another and it occurs during conjugation when a tube grows between two bacteria. Thus, plasmids are transferred from a donor bacterium to a recipient |
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Reducing the chances of resistance |
1) Only prescribe antibiotics when necessary 2) Avoid using wide spectrum antibiotics 3) Keep some antibiotics in reserve in case all others fail 4) Avoid the use of antibiotics in farming |
