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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting PG cross-linking
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beta-lactams
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block PG synthesis
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Bacitracin
Vancomycin |
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disrupt bacterial cell membranes
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polymyxin
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block nucleotide synthesis
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sulonamides
trimethoprim |
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block DNA topoisomerase
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Fluoroquinolones
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block mRNA synthesis
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rifampin
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block protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit
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chloramphenicol
macrolides clindamycin linezolid quinupristin-dalfopristin |
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block protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit
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aminglycosides
tetracyclines |
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bacteriocidal for gram(+) organisms and syphilis
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penicillin
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drug of choice for non-MRSA staph aureus
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nafcillin
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associated with interstitial nephritis
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methicillin
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beta-lactam used against pseudomonas
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piperacillin
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HELPS kill enterococci
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amoxicillin/ampicillin:
H. influenzae E. coli Listeria Proteus Salmonella Enterococci |
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uses for 1st generation cephalosporins
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Gram(+) cocci and PEcK:
Proteus E. coli Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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uses for 2nd generation cephalosporins
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Gram(+) cocci and HEN PEcKs:
H. influenzae Enterobacter aerogenes Neisseria Proteus E.coli Klebsiella Serratia |
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uses for 3rd generation cephalosporins
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serious gram(-) infections resistant to other B-lactams
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associated with use for meningitis and gonorrhea
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Ceftriaxone (3rd generation)
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increased activity against pseudomonas and gram(+) organisms
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Cefepime
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No cross-allergenicity with penicillins
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Aztreonam
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Useful against Gram(-) rods only
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Aztreonam
Penicillin allergic patients or those that cannot tolerate aminoglycosides due to renal insufficiency |
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always administered with cilastatin
for what purpose |
Imipenem
decrease inactivation of drug in renal tubule (nephrotoxigenic) |
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Beta-lactam associated with seizures
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Imipenem
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associated with binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursor and only effective against Gram(+)
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Vancomycin
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Buy AT 30, CCELL at 50
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Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines are 30S inhibitors
Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erthryomycin Lincomycin Linezolid are 50S inhibitors |
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require O2 for uptake, therefore ineffective against anaerobes
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Aminoglycosides
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combination with which other drug makes aminoglycosides even more nephrotoxigenic
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Cephalosporins
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uses for aminoglycosides
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severe gram(-) rod infections
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ADH antagoist
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Demeclocycline
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prevents attachment of aminiacyl-tRNA by binding 30S
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tetracyclines
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two antibiotics not to be taken with milk products
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fluoroquinolones
tetracyclines |
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associated with use against atypical pneumonias (Mycoplasma, chalmydia, legionella) and prolonged QT interval
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Macrolides:
azithromycin clarithryomycin erythryomycin (QT interval especially) |
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associated with gray baby syndrome because infants lack liver UDP-glucouronyl transferase
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Chloramphenicol
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treats anaerobes above the diaphragm vs. metronidazole which treats anaerobic infections below diaphragm
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Clindamycin
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associated with use in aspiration pneumonia or lung abscesses (anaerobic infections)
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Clindamycin
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sulofnamide toxicities
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SJ syndrome
hemolysis if G6PD deficient kernicterus in infants photosensitivity nephrotoxicity (tubulointerstitial nephritis) |
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inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
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Sulfonamides
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inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
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trimethoprim
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associated with megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
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trimethoprim
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uses for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (squential block of folate synthesis)
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PUSS:
Pneuocystic jiroveci pneumonia recurrent UTIs Shigella Salmonella |
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forms free radical toxic metabolite in the bacterial cell that damage DNA
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Metronidazole
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clinical uses for fluoroquinolones
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pneumonia, including pseudomonas
GU infections prostatitis |
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uses for polymyxin
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resistant gram(-) infections
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toxicities include neurotoxicity (peripheral neuropathy)
acute renal tubular necrosis |
polymyxin
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treatment of M. leprae
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Dapson
rifampin Clofazimine |
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4 drugs used against M. tuberculosis
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Rifampin
Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Ethambutol |
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associated with blocking arabinosyltransferase in mycobacterium cell wall
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Ethambutol
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important side effect of ethambutol
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optic neuropathy
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toxicites for all anti-TB drugs except ethambutol
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hepatotoxicity
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decreases synthesis of mycolic acids
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Isoniazid (INH)
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what is pyridoxine (B6) used for
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prevent neurotoxicity in patients on INH therapy
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Rifampin's 4 R's
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RNA polymerase inhibitor
Revs up P-450 Red/orange body fluids Rapid resistance if used alone |
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used for meningococcal prophylaxis
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rifampin
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drug of choice against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
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azithromycin
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treatment against vancomycin resistant enterococci
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linezolid
streptogramins (quinupristin-dalfopristin) |
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binds ergosterol and forms membranes pores
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amphotericin B
Nystatin |
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associated with fever, chills, hypotension, nephrotoxicity
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amphotericin B
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P-450 inhibitors that inhibit ergosterol synthesis
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Azoles
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Uses for fluconazole
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cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS because can cross BBB and candidal infections
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inhibits DNA synthesis by conversion to 5-fluorouracil
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Flucytosine
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associated with bone marrow suppression and used in combination with Amphotericin B
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Flucytosine
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inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting syntehsis of B-glucan
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Caspofungin
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used against invasive aspergillosis
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Caspofungin
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used to treat dermatophytes by inhibiting fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase
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Terbinafine
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interferes with microtubules function and inhibits growth of dermatophytes
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Griseofulvin
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associated with inhibiting growth of dermatophytes and is a P-450 inducer
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Griseofulvin
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selectively inhibits plasmodial dehydrofolate reductase (P. falciparum)
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pyrimethamine
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this drug is used in combination with sulfadiazine for toxoplasmosis
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pyrimethamine
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drug used against trypanosoma that inhibits enzymes involved in energy metabolism, no CNS involvement
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suramin
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this drug used against trypanosoma inhibits sulfhydryl groups in parasite enzymes, CNS involvment
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melarsoprol
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inhibits phosphofructokinase in protozoans
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sodium stibogluconate
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forms intracellular oxygen radicals that are toxic to protozoans
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nifurtimox
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blocks plasmodium heme polymerase leading to toxic accumulation of hemoglobin breakdown products
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chloroquine
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Used against chloroquine-resistance plasmodium species
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quinine
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inhibits glucose uptake and microtubule synthesis in helminths
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mebendazole
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stimulates nicotinic receptors at NMJ leading to depolarization-induced paralysis
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pyrantel pamoate
*like succinylcholine |
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what kind of organism is pyrantel pamoate only useful against
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nematode
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this antihelminth drug intensifies GABA-mediated neurotransmission and causes immobilization
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ivermectin
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antihelminth that is an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism in filarial microfilaria making the microfilaria more susceptible to immune attack.
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diethylcarbamazine
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this antihelminth drug increases membrane permeability to calcium causing contraction and paralysis of cestodes and trematodes
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praziquantel
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what drugs block viral absorption into host cell
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gamma-globulins
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what drug blocks viral uncoating within host cell
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amantadine
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what blocks nucleic acid synthesis of virions within host cells
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purine and pyrimidine analogs, and RT inhibits
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what blocks the packaging and assembly of the virion before viral release from host cell
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rifampin
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this antiviral binds to M2 protein and blocks viral uncoating
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amantadine
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this antiviral drug can be used in the treatment of Parkinson's
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amantadine
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these two antiviral drugs inhibit neuraminidase and decrease the release of progeny
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zanamivir
oseltamivir |
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what antiviral inhibits the synthesis of guanine nucleotides by competitively inhibits IMP dehydrogenase
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ribavirin
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clinical use of ribaviron
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RSV
HCV |
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this antiviral is monophosphorylated by thymidine kinase and forms a guanosine analog
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acyclovir
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this 5'-monophosphorylated antiviral drug is used against CMV, is activated by CMV viral kinase or HSV/VZV thymidine kinase
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ganciclovir
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this antiviral does not require activation by viral kinase, binds to pyrophosphate-binding site of the enzyme
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foscarnet
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this antiviral is a pyrophosphate analog
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foscarnet
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two different HAART therapies
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1. 2 NRTIs + 1 protease inhibitor
2. 2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI |
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this class of antiviral inhibits the maturation of new HIV virions
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protease inhibitors
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adverse effects associated with protease inhibitors
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lipodystrophy
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which protease inhibitor is asssociated with thrombocytopenia
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indinvair
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this class of antivirals competitively inhibits nucleotide binding to RT and terminate DNA chain elongation by lacking 3'-OH group
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NRTIs
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adverse effects associated with NRTIs
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bone marrow suppression
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this antivrial is used for general prophylaxis and during pregnancy to reduce risk of fetal transmission
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zidovudine
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this antivirals do not require phosphoyrlation to be active or compete with nucleotides in HIV
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NNRTIs
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this drug binds to gp41 and blocks entry and replication of HIV
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enfuviritide
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glycoproteins synthesized by virus-infected cell block replication of both RNA and DNA viruses
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interferons
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clinical use of interferons a,B, and y
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a - HBV,HCV, kaposi's sarcoma
B - MS y - NADPH oxidase deficiency |
