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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First antibiotic to experience resistance |
Penicillin |
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Importance |
Bacterial infections a threat again Common procedures become high risk Higher cost of health care for resistant infections |
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Pops at risk |
People in hospitals Anyone Immunocompromised |
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How it happens |
Genetic mutation Acquiring resistance from other bacterium Misuse of antibiotics |
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Antibiotic use in US |
Mostly used in livestock Next is soaps, pesticides, and pests |
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Surveillance |
Emerging Infections Program National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System National Healthcare Safety Network Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Program National Tuberculosis surveillance system |
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C diff |
250k infections, 14k deaths Produces spores that can survive in extreme conditions and sanitation High relapse rate |
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C diff risk factors |
History of inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer Immunocompromised Use of proton pump inhibitors Recent course of antibiotics |
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C diff symptoms |
Diarrhea Severe abdominal pain Loss of appetite Fever Blood in stool Weight loss |
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C diff and your immune system |
Produces exotoxins which cause inflammation and disrupt actin cytoskeleton IgA neutralizes toxin and marks bacterium for destruction |
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C diff transmission and prevention |
Fecal oral Intestines and rooms of infected individuals, water, soil Isolate patients Use disposable equipment Antibiotic stewardship |
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C diff diagnosis and treatment |
Stool assays Metronidazole Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin Fecal transplant |
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CRE |
9k infections, 6c dead 50% mortality rate Resistant to just about everything |
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CRE risk factors |
Nosocomial Staying in ICU Having medical devices within body |
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CRE symptoms |
Fever Redness, swelling, pain Lethargy Pneumonia UTI Persistent wound infection |
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CRE transmission |
Direct contact with bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces ICU bathroom sinks and drains |
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CRE prevention |
Proper patient isolation Extra precautions in maintaining sterile environment |
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CRE diagnosis and treatment |
Culture Fosfomycin and Tigecycline |
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Neisseria gonorrhea |
STD Resistant to Penicillin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone and azithromycin |
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Gonorrhea risk factors |
History of other STDs Multiple partners New partner History of previous infection |
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Gonorrhea symptoms |
Dysuria Purulent discharge Abdominal pain Inflammation - conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, proctitis, urethritis, prostatitis, orchitis |
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Gonorrhea transmission and prevention |
Sexually transmitted In utero Human reservoir Engage in safer sex behaviors Condoms or dental dams |
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Gonorrhea diagnosis and treatment |
Culture Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin |
