Antibiotic Moa

Front 1

Beta Lactam
-name the 2 enzymes it can act on
-what is the final effect?

Back 1

1. inhibits Penicillin binding proteins (PBP)- stops transpeptidases which catalyze the final cross-link step of PG
2. activates autolysins (murein hydrolases) which degrades PG
-bactericidal effect is time dependent (if only acting on PBP then bacteriostatic)

Front 2

Vancomycin
-inhibits which enzyme?
-ultimate effect?

Back 2

transglycosylase: catalyzes the elongation of PG chain
-bactericidal

Front 3

Fosfomycin
-inhibits which enzyme?
-ultimate effect?

Back 3

enolpyruvate transferase: blocks synthesis of N-acetylmuramic acid (precursor for PG synthesis)
-bactericidal

Front 4

What is transpeptidation?

Back 4

50S ribosome subunit forming peptide links between AA during peptide synthesis

Front 5

What is translocation?

Back 5

ribosome advancing 3 nt's to cause the transfer of AA's on the P site to the A site

Front 6

Aminoglycosides
-binds to what? (how)
-name 2 things it blocks and the result?

Back 6

-binds irreversibly to 30S subunit blocking initiation complex, translocation, and the mRNA template is misread resulting in aberrant proteins

Front 7

what is the ultimate effect of aminoglycosides?
due to what 2 factors?

Back 7

-bactericidal, due to con'c dependent, and postantibiotic effect (better efficacy and lower toxicity when given in 1 daily dose)

Front 8

Macrolides, Ketolides, Lincosamides
-Binds to what and causes what 2 effects?
-ultimate effect?

Back 8

-reversibly binds to 50S subunit, and blocks translocation and transpeptidation
-bacteriostatic

Front 9

Tetracyclines & Glycylcyclines
-binds to what and causes what effect?
-ultimate effect?

Back 9

-reversibly binds to 30S subunit and prevents access of aminoacyl tRNA to the acceptor site (inhibits incorporation of next AA)
-bacteriostatic

Front 10

Fluoroquinolones
-name two different enzymes it blocks and in what type of bacteria

Back 10

1. topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) prevents relaxing DNA for transcription in gram -
2. topoisomerase IV interferes with separating replicated DNA preventing division in gram +

Front 11

Fluoroquinolone
-ultimate effect?
depends on what?

Back 11

-ultimate effect is bactericidal and is con'c dependent and has postantibiotic effects

Front 12

Metronidazole (nitroimidazole)
how is it bactericidal?

Back 12

-prodrug that accepts donated elections from anaerobes reducing the nitro group creating reactive nitro radical anions

Front 13

Chloramphenicol
-binds to?
-ultimate effect?

Back 13

-(prototype)= reversibly binds to 50S subunit preventing transpeptidation
-bacteriostatic

Front 14

"streptogramins"
Quinupristin
Dalfopristin
-what does what
-alone vs together?

Back 14

-binds to 50S subunit blocking translocation
-binds to 50S subunit inducing a conformational change
-alone= bacteriostatic; together= bactericidal with long post antibiotic effect

Front 15

Linezolid
-binds to what?
-ultimate effect?

Back 15

binds to 50S subunit at a site near 30S inhibiting initiation complex
-bacteriostatic