Antibiotic Drugs Part 3

Front 1

MOA of macrolides:

Back 1

bacteriostatic at most physiological concentrations
- binds to 50s ribosomal subunit inhibiting translation

Front 2

Indications for macrolides includes:

Back 2

- relatively broad spectrum
- gram Pos (common use) & gram Neg
- Atypical organisms (e.g. mycoplasma)

Front 3

Name some macrolide drugs:

Back 3

erythromycin base
erythromycin estolate
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
azithromycin
clarithromycin
telithromycin (ketolide)

Front 4

state the newer macrolides that have not developed resistance:

Back 4

arithromycin
clarithromycin
telithromycin (ketolide)

Front 5

erythromycin base is a ______

Back 5

macrolide

Front 6

erythromycin estolate is a ______

Back 6

macrolide

Front 7

erthyromycin ethylsuccinate is a _____

Back 7

macrolide

Front 8

azithromycin is a_______

Back 8

macrolide

Front 9

clarithromycin is a _____

Back 9

macrolide

Front 10

teliithromycin (ketolide) is a ______

Back 10

macrolide

Front 11

What are the AE of macrolides

Back 11

erythromycin = GI upset & abdominal cramping is common with N/V/D (less problematic w/ newer drugs)

- certain salt forms of erythromycin may induce hepatotoxicity

Front 12

what is the MOA of penicillins:

Back 12

- bactericidal
- bind to specific penicillin-binding-proteins that inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking necissary for the integrity of the cell wall

Front 13

Indications for penicillins:

Back 13

different types of penicillins have different spectra of activity which will be discussed by drug grouping

Front 14

State some Natural Penicillins (original)

Back 14

- Penicillin V
- Penicillin G
-Benzathine penicillin G
- Procaine penicillin G

Front 15

Indications for Natural Penicillins

Back 15

- gram pos organisms
- some anaerobes (above diaphragm)

Front 16

which Penicillin is the drug of choice for syphillis:

Back 16

Benzathine Penicillin G --suspended in oil based matrix; by IM injection

Front 17

what are common AE of Natural Penicillins:

Back 17

- generally well tolerated
- hypersensitivity rxns
- GI upset

Front 18

State some Aminopenicillins:

Back 18

- amoxicillin (+/- clavulanate)
- ampicilin (+/- sulbactam)

Front 19

indications for use of aminopenicillins:

Back 19

- spectrum includes both gram pos and gram neg bacteria
- AMPICILLIN may also be effective against enterococci

Front 20

common AE of aminopenicillins

Back 20

GI upset
hypersensitivity rxns

Front 21

what is penicillinase?

Back 21

penicillinase is an enzyme produced by certain bacteria that breaks down beta lactam antibiotics

Front 22

State some Penicillinase resistant penicillins.

Back 22

- dicloxacillin
- nafcillin
- oxacillin

Front 23

penicillinase resistant penicllins primarily treat (indications):

Back 23

Gram POSITIVE bacteria that produce penicillinase (also gram neg, but focused on gram pos)

Front 24

common AE of penicillinase resistant penicillins:

Back 24

- similar to other penicillins:

GI upset and hypersensitivity rxns

Front 25

State some Extended Spectrum Penicillins (ureido penicillins)

Back 25

- carbenicillin
- ticarcillin (+/- clavulanate)
-piperacillin (+/- tazobactam)
- mezlocillin
- azlocillin

Front 26

which 'extended spectrum penicillins/ureido penicillins' are considered "Carboxy"

Back 26

- carbenicillin
- ticarcillin (+/- clavulanate)

Front 27

which 'extended spectrum penicillins/ureido penicillins' are considered "Ureido"

Back 27

- piperacillin (+/- tazobactam)
- mezlocillin
- azlocillin

Front 28

Indications for "extended spectrum penicillins"

Back 28

-gram pos organisms
-gram neg organisms
anaerobes
enterobacteriaceae
P. aeruginosa (piperacillin)

Front 29

common AE of extended spectrum penicillins:

Back 29

- GI upset
- hypersensitivity rxnsw

Front 30

best penicillin against strepylococcus

Back 30

All penicillins?

Front 31

best penicillin against enterobacteriacea

Back 31

Extended spectrum penicillins

Front 32

best penicillin against P. aeroginosa (specific drug name)

Back 32

piperacillin