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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of an ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG?
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drug active against bacteria
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What are the methods of classifications for antibacterial drugs?
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BACTERIOSTATIC vs. BACTERICIDAL
BROAD SPECTRUM vs. NARROW SPECTRUM |
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What do BACTERIOSTATIC DRUGS do?
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Inhibit growth and replication of bacteria.
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What are some examples of BACTERIOSTATIC DRUGS?
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Cloramphenicol
tetracyclines macrolides lincosamides sulfonamides |
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What do BACTERICIDAL DRUGS do?
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Cause death of the organism
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What are some examples of BACTERICIDAL DRUGS?
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penicillins
cephalosporins aminoglycosides polymixins sulfonamide-trimethoprim combos fluoroquinolones |
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What classifies BROAD SPECTRUM antibacterial drugs?
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AFFECT A WIDE RANGE OF ORGANISMS, such as: gram negative and gram positive bacteria, possibly other organisms such as rickettsia, protozoa, etc.
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What are some examples of BROAD SPECTRUM antibacterial drugs?
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chloramphenicol
tetracyclines newer penicillins fluoroquinolones |
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What classifies NARROW SPECTRUM antibacterial drugs?
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Affect a more limited group of organisms.
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What are some examples of NARROW SPECTRUM antibacterial drugs?
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older penicillins
aminoglycosides macrolides lincosamides |
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What are the 4 Dfor an antibacterial drug to be clinically effective?
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1. Organism must be sensitive to drug
2. Drug must gain access to the site of infection 3. Local conditions may impair antibacterial activity (ex. fibrinous tissue and purulent material impair activity; or calcium and other divalent substances inhibit activity) 4. Fundamental difference in dosage considerations (conc-dependent vs. time-dependent) |
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What are the 4 GENERAL classes of antibacterial MECHANISMS OF ACTION?
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1. Inhibitors of Bacterial CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
2. BACTERICIDIAL INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 3. BACTERIOSTATIC INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 4. Affecting Nucleic Acid Synthesis |
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What are some toxic affects of Penicillins?
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allergic reactions
species susceptibility CNS toxicity nephrotoxicity (in man) superinfections possible with broad spectrum compounds procaine salt toxic intravascularly-> procaine toxic to CNS and cardiac conduction system |
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What is the mechanism of action of Cephalosporin?
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Inhibits cell wall synthesis.
Is a beta-lactam and has a beta lactam ring just like penicillin. There are 4 generations of cephalosporins. |
