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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MoA or SoA of amoxicillin
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Beta-lactam: cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of cefaclor
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Beta-lactam: cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of ceftriaxone
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Beta-lactam: cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of cycloserine
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Blocks D-ala synthesis: cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of dicloxacillin
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Beta-lactam: cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of meropenem
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Beta-lactam: cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of penicillin G
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Beta-lactam: cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of ticarcillin
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Beta-lactam: cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of vancomycin
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Inhibits transfer step: cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of daptomycin
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Membrane disrupter
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MoA or SoA of pyrazinamide
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Cell wall: inhibits FAS-I in mycolic acid synthesis
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MoA or SoA of isoniazid
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Cell wall: inhibits FAS-II mycolic acid synthesis
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MoA or SoA of levofloxacin
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DNA gyrase/topoIV inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of ciprofloxacin
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DNA gyrase/topoIV inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of sulfamethoxazole
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Folic acid pathway inhibitor: inhibits synthesis of dihydrofolic acid
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MoA or SoA of trimethoprim
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Folic acid: inhibitor of DHFR in folate pathway
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MoA or SoA of clavulanic acid
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Inhibitor of beta-lactamase
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MoA or SoA of amikacin
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Protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversible: 30S
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MoA or SoA of gentamicin
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Protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversible: 30S
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MoA or SoA of tobramycin
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Protein synthesis inhibitor, irreversible: 30S
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MoA or SoA of chloramphenicol
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Protein synthesis inhibitor, reversible: 50S
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MoA or SoA of clindamycin
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Protein synthesis inhibitor, reversible: 50S
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MoA or SoA of doxycycline
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Protein synthesis inhibitor, reversible: 30S
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MoA or SoA of erythromycin
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Protein synthesis inhibitor, reversible: 50S
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MoA or SoA of linezolid
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Protein synthesis inhibitor, reversible: 50S
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MoA or SoA of quinupristin/dalfopristin
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Protein synthesis inhibitor, reversible: 50S
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MoA or SoA of rifampin
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RNA polymerase inhibitor
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MoA or SoA of metronidazole
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Forms intermediates which then destroy DNA
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Which antibacterials are beta lactams that interfere w/cell wall synthesis?
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Amoxicillin
Cefaclor Ceftriaxone Dicloxacillin Meropenem Penicillin G Ticarcillin |
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Which antibacterials interfere w/cell wall synthesis?
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Beta-lactams
Cycloserine (blocks D-ala synthesis) Pyrazinamide (inhibits FAS-I in mycolic acid synthesis) Isoniazid (inhibits FAS-II in mycolic acid synthesis) |
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Which antibacterials interfere w/the folic acid pathway?
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Sulfamethoxazole (inhibits synthesis of dihydrofolic acid)
Trimethoprim (inhibits DHFR) |
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Which antibacterials reversibly inhibit protein synthesis by acting on 30S?
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Doxycycline
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Which antibacterials irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis by acting on 30S?
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Amikacin
Gentamicin Tobramicin |
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Which antibacterials reversibly inhibit protein synthesis by acting on 50S?
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Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin Erythromycin Linezolid Quinupristin/dalfopristin |
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Which antibacterials inhibit DNA gyrase/topoIV
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Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin |
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What are the adverse effects of cycloserine?
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CNS toxicity
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What are the adverse effects of daptomycin
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Myopathy
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What are the adverse effects of pyrazinamide?
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Polyarthralgia
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What are the adverse effects of isoniazid?
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Pyridoxine deficiency
Hepatotoxicity |
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What are the adverse effects of DNA gyrase/topoIV inhibitors?
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Potential tendon rupture
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What are the adverse effects of 30S inhibitors?
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Nephro/oto/neuro toxicity
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What are the adverse effects of chloramphenicol?
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Gray baby syndrome
Bone marrow depression |
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What are the adverse effects of clindamycin?
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Superinfection w/C. difficile
=> treat w/vancomycine or metronidazole |
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What are the adverse effects of doxycycline?
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Incorporation into teeth, bones
Photosensitivity |
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What are the adverse effects of erythromycin?
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Epigastric distress
Cholestatic hepatitis |
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What are the adverse effects of linezolid?
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Thrombocytopenia
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What are the adverse effects of quinupristin/dalfopristin?
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Inhibits CYP34A
Venous inflammation Arthralgia |
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What are the adverse effects of metronidazole?
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Headache
Peripheral neuropathy Alcohol sensitivity |
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Which antibacterials are administered orally?
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Amoxicillin
Cefaclor Chloramphenicol Ciprofloxacin Clavulanic acid Clindamycin Cycloserine Dicloxacillin Doxycyclin Erythromycin Isoniazid Levofloxacin Metronidazole Penicillin G Pyrazinamide Rifampin Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim (Linezolid) |
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Which antibacterials are administered parenterally?
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Amikacin
Ceftriaxone Daptomycin Gentamicin Meropenem Quinupristin/dalfopristin Ticarcillin Tobramycin Vancomycin |
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Which antibacterial is usually given via IV?
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Linezolid
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Which antibacterials are eliminated by the kidney?
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Amikacin
Amoxicillin Cefaclor Ceftriaxone Ciprofloxacin Clavulanic acid Cycloserine Daptomycin Dicloxacillin Gentamicin Levofloxacin Meropenem Penicillin G Pyrazinamide Sulfamethoxazole Ticarcillin Tobramycin Trimethoprim Vancomycin |
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Which antibacterials are metabolized by the liver?
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Chloramphicol
Clindamycin Doxycycline Erythromycin Isoniazid Linezolid Metronidazole Quinupristin/dalfopristin Rifampin |
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Which antibacterials have therapeutic levels in CSF?
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Linezolid
Levofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Clavulanic acid Cycloserine Pyrazinamide Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Chloramphenicol Isoniazid Metronidazole Rifampin Meropenem |
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Which antibacterials reach therapeutic levels in CSF variably (often better when meninges are inflamed)?
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Amoxicillin
Cefaclor Dicloxacillin Penicillin G Clindamycin Doxycycline Erythromycin Ceftriaxone Daptomycin Ticarcillin Vancomycin |
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Which antibacterials do not reach therapeutic levels in CSF?
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Aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin)
Quinupristin/dalfopristin |
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Which antibacterials are administered via oral route, eliminated by the kidney, & found in the CSF?
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levofloxacin
cycloserine pyrazinamide ciprofloxacin sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim clavulanic acid |
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Which antibacterials are administered via oral route, eliminated by the kidney, & variably found in the CSF?
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amoxicillin
cefaclor dicloxacillin penicillin G |
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Which antibacterials are administered via oral route, eliminated by the kidney, & not found in the CSF?
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None
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Which antibacterials are administered via oral route, metabolized by the liver, & found in the CSF?
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isoniazid
chloramphenicol rifampin metronidazole (linezolid) |
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Which antibacterials are administered via oral route, metabolized by the liver, & variably found in the CSF?
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clindamycin
doxycycline erythromycin |
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Which antibacterials are administered via oral route, metabolized by the liver, & not found in the CSF?
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Which antibacterials are administered via parenteral route, eliminated by the kidney, & found in the CSF?
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meropenem
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Which antibacterials are administered via parenteral route, eliminated by the kidney, & variably found in the CSF?
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ceftriaxone
ticarcillin vancomycin daptomycin |
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Which antibacterials are administered via parenteral route, eliminated by the kidney, & not found in the CSF?
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amikacin
gentamicin tobramycin |
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Which antibacterials are administered via oral route & metabolized by the liver?
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Quinupristin/dalfopristin
(Not found in CSF) |
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What are the ESKAPE pathogens?
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Currently cause majority of hospital infxns in US & need new drugs:
Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumanii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter species |
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Which antibacterials are active against mycobacterium tuberculosis?
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Isoniazid (Fas-II inhibitor)
Pyrazinamide (Fas-I inhibitor) |
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What are the uses of daptomycin?
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Bacteriocidal
Active against gram (+) Effective against MRSA, VRE, & vancomycin-resistant MRSA |
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What are the vancomycin alternative antibiotics?
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Daptomycin
Linezolid Quinupristin/dalfopristin |
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What are the fluoroquinolones?
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DNA gyrase/Topo IV inhibitors
ciprofloxacin levofloxacin |
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What are the aminoglycosides?
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Irreversible protein synthesis inhibitors (30S)
Bacteriocidal amikacin gentamicin tobramycin |
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What are the uses of metronidazole?
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-cidal: activated by ferredoxins to generate reactive nitrogen species
Tx of giardiasis Tx of C. difficile |
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What are the tetracyclines?
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Reversible inhibitors of protein synthesis (30S)
Bacteriostatic Tetracycline Doxycycline |
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Which drugs are inactivated by enzymatic inactivation in resistant bugs?
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beta-lactams
aminoglycocides chloramphenicol |
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Which drugs are rapidly effluxed out of cell in resistant bugs?
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tetracyclines
ciprofloxacin |
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Which drugs are inactivated by decreased conversion to active form in resistant bugs?
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isoniazid
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Which drugs are overwhelmed by increased PABA synthesis in resistant bugs?
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sulfonamides
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Which drugs are overwhelmed by DHFR amplificaiton?
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trimethoprim
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What drugs are effected by altered structure of target to reduce binding in resistant bugs?
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methicillin resistance
vancomycin resistance ciprofloxacin |
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What are the cephalosporins?
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cefaclor
ceftriaxone |
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Distinguish btw drugs that can cause superinfxn as toxicity
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Low risk: narrow spectrum agents (penicillin G)
High risk: chloramphicol, tetracyclines, clindamycin Highest risk: broad spectrum cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones |
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What antibiotics common cause allergic rxns?
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Most common: penicillins, cephalosporins
Also: sulfonamides, tetracyclines, aminoglycocides |
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What are the adverse effects of sulfonamides?
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crystallization in urine
kernicterus (displaces bilirubin) acute hemolytic anemia |
