Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What organelle to quinolines act on, and what is their mode of action?
|
MOA: inhibit metabolism in the digestive vacuole and prevent detoxification of heme. Specifically, prevents formation of detoxified heme crystals called hemozoin.
|
|
|
For what infections is chloroquine the drug of choice? Where is it NOT used?
|
Drug of choice for prophylaxis and treatment of non falciparum malaria (P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale) and the few areas of the world where P. falciparum has remained susceptible.
Not used in regions with chloroquine resistance. |
|
|
Mefloquine is associated with rare but very serious adverse effects on what two organs?
|
CNS: psychosis, hypotension, convulsions, coma, paresthesias
Cardiac: QT interval prolongation: risk of torsades de pointes Cardiac conduction abnormalities |
|
|
Which malarial drug requires continuous EKG monitoring due to its cardiotoxicity?
|
Quinidine
|
|
|
What adverse effect is associated with IV quinine (not available in the U.S.)?
|
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (can be life-threatening)
|
|
|
Which 2 antimalarial drugs inhibit dihydrofolate reducatase?
|
Pyrimethamine
Proguanil |
|
|
Which antimalarial drug inhibits dihydropteroate synthase?
|
Sulfadoxine
|
|
|
Which antimalarial drug inhibits protein synthesis in the apicoplast and is associated with phototoxicity, C. diff colitis, and vaginal candidiasis?
|
Doxycycline
|
|
|
What 2 antimalarial drugs are combined in malarone? What are their modes of action?
|
Proguanil -- inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Atovaquone -- inhibits mitochondrial cyt C. |
|
|
What antimalarial drug interferes with heme detoxification in the food vacuole and is available by calling the CDC malaria hotline?
|
Artesunate
|
|
|
What drug can be co-administered with pyrimethamine to reduce its bone marrow toxicity?
|
Leukovorin
|
|
|
What drug is used in mild toxoplasmosis during pregnancy?
|
Spiramycin
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?
|
pPodrug reduced by ferredoxin in the protozoa, generates toxic O2 radicals that damage the DNA
|
|
|
What adverse effects can be seen with metronidazole?
|
Disulfiram-like effect with ethanol or propylene glycol, neutropenia, neurotoxicity
|
|
|
What drug can be given to treat Cryptosporidium and Giardia?
|
Nitazoxanide
|
|
|
What is the mode of action of ethambutol?
|
Inhibits arabinosyl transferase enzymes involved in biosynthesis of cell wall arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan
|
