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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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heavy metals
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Anti-protozoal agents
Ex. arsenicals & antimonials |
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aminoquinoline analogs
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Anti-protozoal agents
Ex. 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine) 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine) 4-quinolinemethanols (mefloquine) Mech: Accumulate in RBCs, bind to DNA, ferriprotoporphyrin IX. Bind to the Heme ring and make it so parasite can't break ring down. |
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folic acid antagonists
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Anti-protozoal agents
Ex. Diaminopyrimidines & Sulfanamides Mech:DNA synthesis, protozoans cannot absorb folate |
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protein synthesis inhibitors
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Anti-protozoal agents
Ex. Antibiotics: clindamycin, spiramycin, tetracylcine, doxycycline (last two are also anti-malarials) Mech: Active against numerous protozoa and amebae |
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diamidines
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Anti-protozoal agents
Ex: pentamidine (polycation) Mech: DNA binding, may interfere with uptake, function of polyamines parasite targets: Leishmania spp., pre-CNS T. brucei |
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nitroimidazoles
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Anti-protozoal agents
active against protozoa and amebae Ex: metronidazole (also anti-bacterial), benzimidazole, tinidazole Mech: metronidazole binds to G/C to cause strand breaks; others unknown |
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sesquiterpenes
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Anti-protozoal agents
examples: artemisinins, artemether, artesunate Mech: react with heme to create free radical damage -anti-protozoal, malaria (qinghaosu) |
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antimonials
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Anti-protozoal agents
A heavy metal Mech: Inhibit glycolytic, Kreb’s cycle enzymes toxic to rapidly dividing host cells (e.g., stem cells) |
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arsenicals
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Anti-protozoal agents
A heavy metal Mech: oxidize sulfhydryls of key catalysts in carbohydrate metabolism e.g. melarsoprol (parasite pyruvate kinase) |
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benzimidazoles
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Anti-helminthic agent
examples: mebendazole, thiabendazole, albendazole Mech: inhibit succinate dehydrogenase (complex II ET), glucose transport, MT function. Basically shut down energy supply |
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tetrahydropyrimidines
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Anti-helminthic agent
Ex: pyrantal pamoate Mech: cholinergic receptor antagonist → flaccid paralysis → worm expulsion |
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piperazines
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Anti-helminthic agent
Ex: piperazine, diethylcarbamazine (α-filarial) Mech: GABA agonist that causes contraction paralysis |
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avermectins
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Anti-helminthic agent
example: ivermectin (α-filarial, α-GI nematodes) Mech: inhibits GABA Receptors→ paralysis → worm expulsion, ↓ resistance to host immunity |
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pyrazinoisoquinolines
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Anti-helminthic agent
Ex: praziquantel (α-trematode, α-cestode) Mech: Ca2+ agonist → paralysis and ↑ Ab binding |
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Phenols
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Anti-helminthic agent
example: niclosamide (α-GI tapeworm, not α-nematodes) Mech: uncouples oxidative phosphorylation→ no ATP = no movement → expulsion |
