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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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malaria, kala-azar, chagas disease, african sleeping sickness, giardiasis, amoebiasis, trichomoniasis, cryptosporidiosis, and infections with Naegleria fowleri and Pneumocystis jiroveci are examples of what type of infections?
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PROTOZOAL - one-celled animals
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Name the four species of organisms that can cause malaria
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plasmodium vivax
plasmodium ovale plasmodium malariae plasmodium falciparum |
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chloroquine-resistance has developed primarily in which malarial species ?
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plasmodium falciparum
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Which species causes the most devastating and deadly form of malaria?
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plasmodium falciparum
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Which two species of malaria can form hypnozoites?
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P. vivax or P. ovale
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What are hypnozoites?
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latent form of malaria in the liver that are not killed by standard malaria treatment
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What serves to eradicat the hypnozoites?
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Primaquine
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DOC for prophylaxis of malaria ?
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chloroquine or atovaquone-proguanil
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DOC for malarial prophylaxis in which the patient is pregnant?
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chloroquine
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DOC in chloroquine-resistant areas?
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atovaquone/proguanil
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What is the DOC for the PREGNANT patient in areas of chloroquine-resistance?
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mefloquine
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The two second-line choices in areas of chloroquine-resistance?
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mefloquine or doxycycline
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Why can doxycycline not be used in children <8 yo or pregnant women?
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it discolors developing teeth and affects developing bone
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List some serious adverse drug reactions from Mefloquine (4)
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myocardial infarction, drug-induced psychosis, retinal damage and G6PD exacerbation
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Mefloquine is contraindicated in patients with what disorders? (4)
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generalized anxiety disorder, seizure disorder, schizophrenia, or recent history of active ongoing major depressive disorder
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The DOC for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum is quinine plus ONE of the following:
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Doxycycline
Tetracycline Clindamycin |
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DOC in a PREGNANT patient with chloroquine-resistant P.falciparum is what?
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quinine plus clindamycin
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DOC for the treatment of malaria caused by chloroquine-resistant P.vivax?
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quinine PLUS either doxycycline or tetracycline PLUS primaquine
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Equally effective alternative is mefloquine PLUS primaquine
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List the 4 ways in which Chloroquine kills malarial organisms?
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1) Transforms heme into poison
2) Forms complexes that lyse Plasmodia and RBCs 3) Alkalizes Plasmodia food vacuole, starves them 4) Inhibits DNA synthesis |
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Cinchonism (tinnitus, photophobia, mental dullness, depression, confusion, headache, and nausea) is caused by which antimalarial agent?
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Quinine
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Antimalarial with unknown MOA most commonly used in third-world nations?
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Artemether
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DOC for trichomonas vaginalis and entamoeba histolytica ?
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Metronidazole
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Alternate DOC for Entamoeba histolytica ?
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tinidazole
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DOC for early stage East African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense)?
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Suramin
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DOC for early stage West African sleeping sickness?
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Pentamidine
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DOC for cryptosporidiosis ?
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Nitazoxanide
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95% of TREATED patients still die from this amoeba?
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Naegleria fowleri
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Only treatment known to have any effect on Naegleria fowleri?
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Amphotericin B
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The two classifications of helminths?
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flatworms (platyhelminthes) and roundworms (nematodes)
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DOC for flatworms?
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Praziquantel
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Only flatworm not treated with Praziquantel but instead surgically removed?
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Echinococcus granulosus
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Albendazole or mebendazole is the DOC for most infections with which classifications of helminths?
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roundworms
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Mebendazole and albendazole are absolutely contraindicated in which type of patient?
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PREGNANT
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DOC for Strongyloides stercoralis (roundworm)?
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Ivermectin
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Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) given in combo with doxycycline is the DOC for this lymphatic filarial organism?
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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Ectoparasites include these 3 parasites?
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lice, scabies, and fly larvae
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DOC for head lice or pubic lice and scabies
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Permethrin
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What is myiasis?
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infestation of tissues by the larvae (maggots) of flies
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Cutaneous myiasis is treated how?
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by occluding the punctum (opening) to the infested area with petroleum jelly, fingernail polish, or bacon
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True or False
Treatment of myiasis with occluding the punctum kills the larvae |
FALSE;
The treatment decreases oxygen and the larvae migrate to the opening, allowing for manual removal |
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