Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Tissue injury releases ____, which breaks down phospholipids to arachidonic acid |
phospholipase |
|
Chemicals found in all body tissues. involved in causing pain and inflammation while others maintainGIT renal and ophthalmic function |
Prostaglandins |
|
Normally found in most tissues Involved in the production of the good prostaglandins Plays a role in protecting the gastric mucosa, regulating blood to the kidneys and platelet function (clotting) |
COX-1 |
|
Produced in damaged or inflamed tissues and helps to synthesize the not so good prostaglandins that causes pain |
COX-2 |
|
Ideally in anti-inflamms we want to block COX- |
2 |
|
Released by adrenal cortex in response to ACTH or CRF |
Cortisol |
|
ACTH |
adrenocorticotropic hormone from anterior pituitary |
|
CRF |
corticotrophin releasing factor from hypothalamus |
|
Chance of developing ___ if animal is taken off steroids quickly |
Addisons |
|
Stabilize cell membranes decrease fluid and cell build up in area of tissue damage decrease attraction of inflammatory cells and release of histamine from cells inhibits fibroblasts |
Anti-inflammatory |
|
Increases blood glucose levels by increasing catabolism of proteins and fat. which break down into simple glucose. |
Gluconeogenic |
|
Cortisol is the hormone released from mature fetal adrenal to initiate parturition. |
Initiation or Parturition |
|
immune system is suppressed and animal is more susceptible to infection. Wound healing will be slowed. |
Immunosuppression |
|
see pot-belly, thin hair coat, alopecia, from catabolism of muscle, fat. |
Cushing disease |
|
Can occur with abrupt withdrawal from long term corticosteroid use- must withdraw gradually Suppresses natural feedback for ACTH and CRF |
Iatrogenic Addisons |
|
Steroids with the shortest duration |
Hydrocortisone |
|
Medium Duration |
Preds |
|
Longer Duration |
Methasones |
|
Absorbed fastest |
Aqueous solution |
|
Prednisone is a ____ acting base |
fast |
|
Dexamethasone is a ____ acting base |
medium |
|
Methylprednisone is a ____ acting base |
Long |
|
Affect minerals in body such as Na, K and water and electrolyte balance Conserve sodium and eliminates potassium |
Mineralcorticoids |
|
Decrease inflammation, analgesic, antipyretic |
NSAIDS |
|
NSAIDS that inhibit COX-2 decrease____ |
inflammation and pain |
|
Cats are deficient in _________ in the liver – many drugs often last a lot longer in cats and can build up to toxic levels |
Glucuronyl Transferase |
|
Adverse side effect of NSAIDS- increase risk of stomach ___ |
ulcers |
|
Eg. (Aspirin®) OTColder family of drugs - non-selective COX inhibitor used for mild arthritis in dogs, and to decrease platelet clumping Used for heartworm and feline cardiomyopathy. |
Salicylates |
|
Comes in paste, tablets and injectable formStronger action than salicylates Used for musculoskeletal pain Non-selective COX inhibitor Used mainly in horses can be used in dogs |
Phenylbutazone |
|
Stronger action than phenylbutazone or aspirin.non-selective COX inhibitor used for gut pain = colic Has anti-endotoxic properties as well – used in toxic bacterial infections |
Flunixin meglumine |
|
same family as ibuprofen T ½ is too long more selective COX-2 inhibitor, still has COX -1 activity |
Propionic acids |
|
Ketoprofen, carprofen |
Propionic acids |
|
labelled for dogs, cats, horses, cattle, swine Is available as tablets and injectable. Loading dose 2X maintenance dose Often used as post-surgical treatment for pain.May cause increased bleeding |
Ketoprofen |
|
Selectively inhibits COX-2Approved only in DOGSIndicated for pain associated with soft tissue and orthopedic surgery and arthritis |
Carprofen |
|
Approved for dogs and catsNon selective Cox inhibitorNo double dosing first dayNo increase in bleeding timeMinimal effects on the renal, hepatic and GI systems |
Tolfenamic |
|
Selectively inhibits COX-2 Less potential to cause stomach ulcers so good for long term use such as osteoarthritis but still recommended to give with food Loading dose is given the first day |
Meloxicam |