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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four types of cell wall synthesis inhibitors
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Penicillins
cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams |
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What enzymes catalyzes the cross linkage of peptidoglycan cell wall? Which part of the penicillin molecule binds to the enzyme?
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Transpeptidase (or PBP, penicillin-binding protein) ;
beta-lactam ring |
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When do cell wall sythesis inhibitors work?
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Only when bacterial cells are actively growing (once cell wall synthesized, it will no longer work)
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What are the natural penicillins? How are they administered?
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Penicillin G (IV)
Penicillin V (PO) |
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What are four mechanisms of bacteria to gain resistance to penicillins?
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1) Mutations in PBP
2) Decrease influx of drug (via Alterations in porins (gram -)) 3) increased efflux of drug (pump it out) 4) Produce Beta-lactamase to cleave the beta-lactam ring (destruction/inactivation of the drug) |
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What does penicillinase do?
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Break the C-N bond on the beta-lactam ring, replacing it with a hydroxy group (this prevents the beta-lactam ring from binding to transpeptidase)
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Which types of penicillins are resistant to beta-lactamase? Which type are not?
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resistant=
Penicillinase- resistant penicillins Irreversible inhibitors of beta-lactamase Not resistant: Natural Aminopenicillins Extended Spectrum |
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What are the adverse effects of penicillins?
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Hypersensitivity
Secondary infxns |
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What is the spectrum of natural penicillins?
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Narrow (gram pos)
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How is penicillin G adminstered? Why?>
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IV or IM (destroyed by stomach acids)
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How is penicillin V given? what is it typically used for?
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PO (on an empty stomach)
Streptococcal pharyngitis |
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What is the spectrum for aminopenicillins? How is it made?
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More broad (includes gram + and some gram -)
Semisynthetic from mold (penicillium) |
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What are two examples of aminopenicillins? How are they given?
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Ampicillin- PO (empty stomach)
Amoxicillin- PO (with or without food) |
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Non-allergenic ampicillin rash is an adverse effect of which type medication?
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Amoxicillin
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