Anti-Infective Therapy- Test 3

Front 1

Sources of infection are:

Back 1

-bacteria
-fungi
-viruses
-protozoan
-parasites

Front 2

Anti-Infective drugs can be classified 5 ways:

Back 2

-Antibacterial
-Antifungal
-Antiviral
-Antiprotozoan
-Antihelminthic

Front 3

Anti-infective drugs can be classified based on how it gets rid of the pathogen. This is called _____ classification.

Back 3

pathogenic

Front 4

______ kills the pathogen.

Back 4

Bactericidal

Front 5

_______ inhibits the growth of the pathogen to where the pathogen dies off itself.

Back 5

Bacteriostatic

Front 6

_____ spectrum drugs treat a limited number of pathogens and should be used whenever possible.

Back 6

Narrow

Front 7

_____ spectrum drugs act on a wide variety of organisms.

Back 7

Broad

Front 8

Mechanisms of Action for Anti-Infective Therapy drugs are:

Back 8

-inhibit cell wall synthesis
-inhibit protein synthesis
-inhibit cell metabolism
-disruption of cell wall permeability
-inhibit reproduction

Front 9

The ability of a drug to destroy only the pathogen is referred to as _______.

Back 9

selective toxicity

Front 10

With _____ only the pathogen is destroyed because either the drug accumulates in greater amounts in the pathogen, the drug acts specifically on the structures pr biochemical processes of the pathogen, or the drug's action is more critical to the pathogen than the host.

Back 10

selective toxicity

Front 11

When selecting the appropriate antimicrobial it is important to..

Back 11

-identify microbe
-know drug sensitivity
-consider patient factors

Front 12

Ways to identify the microbe include:

Back 12

-match the drug to the bug
-culture samples (any body fluid)
-minimize normal flora exposure
-gram stain
-culture

Front 13

Most common way to do culture sensitivity is _____.

Back 13

disc diffusion test

Front 14

Drug resistance develops because of...

Back 14

-widespread use of antibiotics
-improper dosage or drug
-early discontinuation of therapy

Front 15

Prophylactic use of antibiotics is for ______.

Back 15

prevention of sickness

Front 16

There are 5 acceptable uses of prophylactic antimicrobials:

Back 16

1-known exposure to STD
2-recurrent UTI in sexually active women
3-surgery
4-possibiity of Group Strep A causing Rheumatic Heart Disease
5-people who have congenital valve heart disease or valve replacement

Front 17

Antibiotic resistant pathogens include:

Back 17

MRSA
Penicillin Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae
VRE
TB

Front 18

Adverse reactions of antimicrobial agents include:

Back 18

-hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions
-organ toxicity
-hematologic disorders

Front 19

The most common adverse reaction to antimicrobial agents is...

Back 19

hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions

Front 20

The organs that are usually targeted by adverse reactions of antimicrobial agents are the ____ and _____.

Back 20

kidneys and liver

Front 21

Contraindications for penicillins are...

Back 21

people with penicillin allergies

Front 22

Nursing considerations for penicillins are

Back 22

allergic reactions

Front 23

Side effects of penicillins are

Back 23

NVD

Front 24

Penicillins
contraindications-
nursing considerations-
side effects-

Back 24

Penicillins
contraindications- people wit penicillin allergy
nursing considerations- allergic reactions
side effects- NVD

Front 25

Cephalosporins are very closely related to ______.

Back 25

penicillins

Front 26

Cephalosporins can cause _____ therefore it is important to watch urine output.

Back 26

nephrotoxicity

Front 27

Aminoglycosides can be used on serious infections such as bacteremia and septicemia but are ____ and _____.

Back 27

ototoxic and nephrotoxic

Front 28

Aminoglycosides can be given IV but cannot

Back 28

be given with any other medications.

Front 29

Fluoroquinolones can cause ____ therefore the patient should _____.

Back 29

crystals in urine
dring 6-8 glasses of water per day

Front 30

Fluoroquinolones should be used with caution in children because...

Back 30

it can weaken weight bearing joints.

Front 31

Side effects of Fluoroquinolones include:

Back 31

NV and headache

Front 32

Tetracyclines should not be used in...

Back 32

women in the last trimester of pregnancy, who are lactating or in children under 8yrs old.

Front 33

Side effects of Tetracyclines include:

Back 33

NVD, photosensitivity, and brown/gray teeth

Front 34

Sulfonamides
contraindications-
nursing considerations-

Back 34

Sulfonamides
contraindications- children under 2 mos and breastfeeding moms with children under 2 mos b/c it can cause excessive bilirubin
nursing considerations- increase fluid intake, drink 8 ounces of water when taking it

Front 35

Erythromycin is a _____.

Back 35

macrolide

Front 36

Macrolides are used in caution with patients who have _____. The side effects include...

Back 36

liver disease
NVD, stomach and abdominal cramps

Front 37

Carbapenems can be used to treat bacterial meningitis because they...

Back 37

cross the blood brain barrier.

Front 38

Carbapenems are similar to _____.

Back 38

penicillins

Front 39

Carbapenems must be given in _____.

Back 39

normal saline only!

Front 40

If giving Carbapenems IM, it should be done so in preparation with ______.

Back 40

lidocaine

Front 41

Metronidazole is _____.

Back 41

Flagyl

Front 42

Metronidazole (Flagyl) is effective against _____ and is therefore the drug of choice for ______.

Back 42

anaerobic bacteria
C Diff

Front 43

If a patient is taking Flagyl, the nurse should tell them 2 things

Back 43

1-urine may turn reddish-brown
2-cannot drink alcohol while on therapy and for 48-72hrs

Front 44

Vancomycin is a ______.

Back 44

Glycopeptide

Front 45

Glycopeptides are given for _____.

Back 45

MRSA

Front 46

When Glycopeptides are given IV it can cause _____, ______, and _____. Therefore it should be diluted in at least 200mL of Dextrose and must be given over at least 60 minutes.

Back 46

hypotension, pain in vein, and thrombophlebitis

Front 47

Thrombophlebitis is

Back 47

blood clots along the vein.

Front 48

Glycopeptides can cause ____ or _____.

Back 48

ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity

Front 49

Oxazolidinone (Zyvox) is contraindicated for patients with _____ because it is metabolized in the ____. Also, should not take allergy meds with pseudophedrine.

Back 49

liver disease
liver

Front 50

Zyvox can be given ____ or ____.

Back 50

IV or PO

Front 51

Zyvox is VERY

Back 51

expensive

Front 52

Glycylcycline (Tygacil) is used for ______.

Back 52

complicated skin and skin structure infections and intraabdominal infections

Front 53

Contraindications for Tygacil are

Back 53

-pregnant/lactating women
-children less than 8 years
b/c it causes tooth discoloration

Front 54

Tygacil is only given by _____.

Back 54

IV

Front 55

Cyclic Lipopeptide Daptomycin (Cubicin) is used for

Back 55

complicated skin and skin structure infections

Front 56

Cubicin only works on ____ organisms, given only by ____, and can cause ______.

Back 56

gram positive
IV
muscle breakdown

Front 57

Rusty colored urine could indicate _____ a complication from taking Cubicin. It this happens the doctor should be notified immediately.

Back 57

muscle breakdown

Front 58

Antifungal Systemic Agents are contraindicated for

Back 58

people with liver disease and excessive alcohol drinkers

Front 59

Side effects of antifungal systemic agents are

Back 59

burning at insertion site.

Front 60

Antifungal systemic agents are used primarily for

Back 60

potentially fatal fungal diseases/infections

Front 61

Examples of Antifungal Systemic agents are

Back 61

Diflucan and Amphitericin B

Front 62

Antifungal Topical Agents can be purchased _____.

Back 62

over the counter

Front 63

Topical fungal treatments can cause _____ at the site.

Back 63

photosensitivity

Front 64

Assess patients for

Back 64

fever
increased pulse and respirations
inflammation
tender, enlarged lymph nodes
foul odor
lethargy

Front 65

Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim are examples of ______.

Back 65

Sulfonamides