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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define virulence.
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A measure of the severity of the disease it is capable of causing.
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Define bacteriostatic.
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Medications that slow the growth of bacteria.
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Define acquired resistance.
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Microbes that have mutated and are no longer sensative to a particular antibiotic are left to thrive. Thus a new infection could ensue with microbes that will not be responsive to the antibiotic.
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What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy?
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Kill enough pathogen or slow the growth enough so that the natural defense system can get rid of the infectious agent.
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Which antibiotic is useful when the infecting agent is unknown?
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Broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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List some narrow spectrum antibiotics?
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Penicillins, macrolides, and vancomycin.
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What is penicillin's mechanism of action?
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It breaks the cell wall and allows water into the cell, thus destroying the cell.
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What is the largest class of antibiotics?
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Cephalosporins.
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What is cephalosporins' mechanism of action?
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It binds to penicillin binding proteins to inhibit bacterial wall synthesis.
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Which antibiotic has the broadest spectrum?
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Tetracyclines.
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What is tetracycline's mechanism of action?
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Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
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What is important to teach the patient about tetracyclines?
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Avoid direct exposure to sunlight.
Do not take milk products, iron supplements, or antacids. |
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What are some side effects of aminoglycocides?
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Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular impairment.
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Which anti-fungal effects only systemic infections?
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amphoterecinB (Fungizone).
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Which anti-fungal is used for systemic and topical infections?
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fluconazole (Diflucan).
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Which anti-fungal is used for topical infections?
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nystatin (Mycostatin).
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What are the most common viral infections?
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HIV, herpes viruses, influenza, and viral hepatitis.
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Do anti-viral drugs kill the virus?
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No, they only slow down the replication of the virus.
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What must a virus do to replicate?
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Invade a healthy cell and use its metabolism to replicate itself.
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What are the general goals of HIV anti viral therapy?
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1. Decrease viral load
2. Increase the T cell count 3. Delay immunologic decline of patients |
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Which anti virals are reverse transcriptase inhibitors?
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Neucleoside/neucleotide.
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What does HAART stand for?
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Highly active aniviral therapy.
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What are some anti virals for the herpes virus?
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acyclovir (Zovirax) and valacyclovir (Valtrex).
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