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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gram + action
Mucopurulense hampers it effectivity Burns upon instillation Not routinely used anymore |
sodium sulfacetamide
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Bactericidal against most gram (-)
Destruction of the bacterial cell membrane NOT a stand alone drug |
polymyxin B
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Gram (+) action
Works by destroying cell wall synthesis Treatment of mild/moderate blepharitis |
Bacitracin
(ung 3.5 gm tube) |
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Can be substituted for Bacitracin
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Polysporin (bacitracin and polymyxin B)
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Broad spectrum coverage
May be used in children over 2 months Effective against H influenzae and Strep pneumoniae |
Polytrim (trimethoprim/polymyxin B)
Rx q3h while awake x one week |
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Aminoglycoside that is commonly paired with bacitracin and polymyxin B
effective against gram + and - |
Neosporin (neomycin)
--5-10% of patients will have allergic rxn (causes 2' contact dermatitis) |
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neomycin + dexamethasone
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Maxitrol (AB/steroid combo)
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Which ingredient causes a 2' contact dermatitis?
In what % of people? What two medications contain this ingredient? |
Neomycin
5-10% Neosporin and Maxitrol |
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What three aminoglycosides are used topically to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome?
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gentamicin
tobramycin neomycin primarily active against gram - still have broad spectrum |
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What other class of antibiotics can inactivate aminoglycosides if administered together?
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Penicillins
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gram - with some gram + activity
not used widely but has the broadest antibacterial spectrum, with activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
gentamicin (Garamycin)
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Gentamicin + steroid
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Pred G
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Gram (-), some gram (+)
Potential resistance to strep & staph Use in those ≥ 2 mos old |
tobramycin (Tobradex)
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What two aminoglycosides can rarely cause corneal toxicity?
When do these effects occur? |
gentamycin + tobramycin
Toxic effect if > 14 days – usually only Rx for 7-10 days |
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What corneal toxicity effects can be seen with the overuse of topical aminoglycosides?
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Punctate epithelial erosions
Delayed re-epithelialization Corneal ulceration Conjunctival toxicity – chemosis, hyperemia, and necrosis |
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What percentage of patients that are allergic to neomycin are also allergic to gentamycin?
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50%
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What is the MOA of macrolides?
What are these drugs? |
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and prevent elongation of the peptide chain
azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin (ACE) |
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What is the spectrum of activity of macrolides?
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gram + cocci (although resistance is building) and gram + bacilli
strep, staph, neisseria, chlamydia variable activity against H influenzae |
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Gram (+) and some Gram (–)
excellent prophylactic and supportive antibiotic but not a drug of choice for active therapy |
Erythromycin
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What is oral erythromycin used for?
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Chlamydia trachomatis infections in infants and children
3-week course of 2 g daily in 4 divided doses |
