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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the side effects that are common to all of the anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs)?
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Sleepiness
Dizziness Ataxia Nausea Diplopia Headache Teratogenic to fetuses |
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What drugs are used for partial seizures?
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Carbamazepine
Gabapentin Pregabalin |
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What drugs are used for general and partial seizures?
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Phenytoin
Valproic acid Lamotrigine Topiramate Levetiracetam |
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What kind of seizures does carbamazepine treat?
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Partial seizures
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What kind of seizures does gabapentin treat?
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Partial
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What kind of seizures does pregabalin treat?
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Partial
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What kind of seizures does phenytoin treat?
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General, partial seizures
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What kind of seizures does valproic acid treat?
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General, partial
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What kind of seizures does lamotrigine treat?
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General, partial
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What kind of seizures does topiramate treat?
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General, partial
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What kind of seizures does levetiracetam treat?
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General, partial
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What are the distadgantages of phenytoin?
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Kinetics are very complicated; it's bound to proteins. 1st order at low levels, zero order at therapeutic and high levels
Lots of DDIs (warfarin, OCPs) |
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What are some of the side effects of phenytoin?
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Gingival hyperplasia
Hirusutism (excessive hair on women) Rash Osteoperosis Cerebellar damage with long use |
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What are the disadvantages of carbamazepine?
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Lots of DDIs: can't use with erythromycin
It can make generalized seizures worse |
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What are the side effects of tegrotol?
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Neutropenia
Hyponatremia Rash Osteoporosis |
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What are the disadvantages of valproate?
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P450 inhibior
DDIs |
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What are the side effects of valproate?
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Weight gain
Tremor Alopecia (hair loss) Thrombocytopenia Pancreatitis Hyperammonemia Teratogenic |
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What is another use for valproate?
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Migrane
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What are the advantages of gabapentin?
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NO DDIs!
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What are the side effects of gabapentin?
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Weight gain
Peripheral edema |
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What are the advantages of pregabalin?
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No DDIs
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What are some of the side effects of pregabalin?
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Weight gain
Peripheral edema |
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If someone has seizures and got a liver transplant, which drug should you give them?
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Gabapentin
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What are the AEDs that don't have very many DDIs?
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Gabapentin
Pregabalin Levetiracetam |
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What are the advantages of lamotrigine?
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Broad spectrum
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What is a special consideration you've GOT to have when dosing lamotrigine?
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YOU'VE GOT TO LOAD IT SLOWLY!!!
The drug can build up to toxic levels QUICKLY if you give them too much too fast Common strategy: start on another guy, then get them on lamotrigine |
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What are some of the side effects of lamotrigine?
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Rash
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What are the advantages of topiramate?
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Weight los
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What are some of the side effectsof topiramate?
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Metabolic acidosis
Kidney stones Cognitiveslowing, word-rinding difficulty Glaucoma |
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What are the advantages of levetiracetam?
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Broad spectrum
No DDIs |
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What are the side effects of levetiracetam?
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Behavioral problems
Rare psychosis |
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Wha is the drug that neurosurgeons like to use for prophylaxis after surgery?
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Levetiracetam
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How do you dose AEDs?
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Increase the dose until there aren't any seizures
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If the first AED doesn't work at the maximal tolerated dose, what do you do?
What do you do if the drug does work |
You try another.
You taper the dose |
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What percentage of epileptics aren't going to be controlled by drugs?
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25%
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