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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main differences between partial and generalized seizures?
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Partial: limited to one area, remain conscious
Generalized: entire organ, lose consciousness |
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What are the drugs used to treat epilepsy?
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Barbiturates
Phenytoin Carbamazepine Sodium Valproate (valproic acid) Ethosuximide Benzodiazepines Gabapentin Lamotrigine |
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What are the Barbiturates used to treat epilepsy?
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Phenobarbital
Primidone |
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What is the common mechanism of action of Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, and Sodium valproate (valrpoic acid)?
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Slow rate of recovery for Na+ channels
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What are some significant adverse effects of Phenytoin?
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Ataxia
Gingival hyperplasia Hirsutism Teratogenic |
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Phenobarbital, Primidone, and Phenytoin are effective in managing ________ seizures.
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tonic-clonic
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Which anti-epileptic agent is not effective against absence seizures?
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Carbamazepine
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What are some adverse effects of Carbamazepine?
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Ataxia
Vertigo Teratogenic |
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Sodium valproate (valproic acid) is mainly used in treating _______ seizures.
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absence
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What is the mechanism of action for Barbiturates (Phenobarbital, Primidone) as anti-epileptic agents?
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Enhance effects of GABA, resulting in synaptic inhibition.
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What is the mechanism of action of LONG-TERM treatment with Sodium Valproate (valproic acid)?
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Increases brain GABA content
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What is the agent of choice for absence seizures?
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Ethosuximide
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How does Ethosuximide work?
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Inhibits Ca++ currents in the thalamus.
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What are the benzodiazepines used to treat epilepsy?
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Clonazepam
Diazepam Lorazepam |
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Which benzodiazepines can be used to manage status epilepticus?
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Diazepam
Lorazepam |
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Clonazepam is effective in treating which types of seizures?
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Absence
Myoclonic |
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What is the mechanism of action of the benzodiazepines (clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam)?
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Enhances GABA
Increases in Cl- conductance |
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What are some adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
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Sedation
Respiratory depression (in IV administration) |
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Gabapentin is considered a ______ analogue.
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GABA
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What is the mechanism of action for Lamotrigine?
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Inhibits Glutamate and Asparate
Na+ channel blocker |
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Life-threatening rashes (including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) is a significant adverse reaction of which anti-epileptic agent?
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Lamotrigine
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Which anti-epileptic may cause angle closure?
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Topiramate (Topamax)
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What is the drug of choice for status epilepticus?
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Lorazepam
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