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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rapid-acting insulin
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onset: 5-15 min
peak: 30-60 min (90 for lispro) duration: 2-6 hrs CLEAR ***must have food BEFORE |
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short-acting insulin
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onset: 30-60 min
peak: 2-4 hrs duration: 6-8 hrs CLEAR ***may be given IV |
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Intermediate-acting insulin
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onset: 1-2 hrs
peak: 8-12 hrs duration: 16-24 hrs CLOUDY ***peaks in late afternon before dinner |
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Long-acting insulin
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onset: 4-8 hrs
peak: 16-18 hrs duration: 36 hrs CLOUDY ***rarely used |
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Constant-acting insulin
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onset: 1-2 hrs
peak: NONE duration: 24 hrs ***prior to bedtime ***DO NOT MIX |
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3 RAPID ACTING ARE:
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-lispro
-aspart -glulisine |
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SHORT ACTING IS:
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-regular insulin (humulin-R, novolin-R, iletin regular)
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2 INTERMEDIATE ACTING ARE:
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-NPH (humulin-N, novolin-N)
-Lente (humulin-L, novolin-L) |
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LONG ACTING IS:
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-ultralente (humulin-U)
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CONSTANT ACTING IS:
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-lantus
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hypoglycemia sx
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-sweating
-palpitations -tremors -weakness -hunger -confusion -agitation -headache -inability to concentrate -blurred or double vision |
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insulin pump works by:
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delivering basal infusion rate c bolus doses PRN
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Incretin Modifiers (Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors)
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-increase insulin release
-increase beta cell responsiveness -decrease hepatic glucose production -TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ***monitor liver enzymes for elevation |
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INCRETIN MODIFIERS (DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE INHIBITORS) ARE:
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-sitagliptin (januvia)
-saxagliptin (onglyza) |
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Amylin Analog
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-decrease glucagon secretion for approx 3 hrs
-slows gastric emptying -decreases appetite by increaseing satiety -TYPE 1 OR TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS -SubQ in ABD OR THIGH ***report nausea lasting 307 days (dose may be too high) |
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AMYLIN ANALOG IS:
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pramlintide (symlin)
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5 Oral anti-diabetics
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-Sulfonylureas
-Biguanides -Meglitinides -Thiazolidinediones -Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors |
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Sulfonylureas
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-stimulate insulin release from beta cells
-drinking alcohol may cause hypoglycemia -given 30 minutes before breakfast and dinner ***monitor CBC |
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Tolbutamide (orinase)
Tolazamide (tolinase) Chlorpropamide (diabinese) Acetohexamide (dymelor) Glipizide (glucotrol) Glyburide (diabeta, glynase, micronase) Glimepiride (amaryl) |
Oral anti-diabetics = sulfonylureas
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Biguanides
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Metformin (glucophage)
-decreases production of glucose from stored glycogen -enhances insulin sensitivity -improves glucose transport into cells -decreases absorption of glucose from small intestine ***hold 48 hrs before/after contrast dye ***give with meals ***monitor CBC, renal, and hepatic function tests ***contraindicated in renal insufficiency **alcohol --> lactic acidosis |
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Meglitinides
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Repaglinide (prandin)
Neteglinide (starlix) -increase insulin release from pancreas ***30 min before meals ***contraindicated in liver dysfunction |
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Thiazolidinediones
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pioglitazone (actos)
rosiglitazone (avandia) -increase insulin sensitivity, transport, and utilization at target tissues -decreased insulin resistance ***fluid retention and edema ***avoid with heart failure ***monitor liver enzymes ***reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives |
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Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
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acarbose (precose)
migliol (glyset) -slows digestion of carbohydrates in small intestine ***monitor H&H, CBC, liver function tests ***take at first bite with each meal ***does not cause hypoglycemia |
