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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Benzodiazepine |
-Enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA in the CNS -Relief occurs rapidly |
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GABA |
An inhibitory neurotransmitter - transmits the message of peace and tranquility -tells the neurons of the brain to slow down or stop firing, leading to a generalized quieting effect on the brain |
Thought of as the body's natural hypnotic tranquilizer |
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Common Benzo's |
-lorazepam (Ativan) -alprazolam (Xanax) -diazepam (Valium) |
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Complications of Anxiolytics (Benzos) |
-CNS depression -Lightheadedness -Ataxia -Decreased cognitive function |
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Symptoms of Toxicity/Overdose (Benzos) |
-Somnolence -Confusion -Coma -Respiratory |
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Nursing Considerations for Toxicity (Benzos) |
Oral Toxicity - administer activated charcoal IV Toxicity - administer flumazenil Monitor VS LOC Maintain patent airway and provide fluids to maintain blood pressure -Have resuscitation equip. available |
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Withdrawal Effects (Benzos) |
Anxiety Insomnia Diaphoresis Tremors Lightheadedness Delirium Hypertension Muscle Twitching Seizures
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Benzo Contradicions |
Known allergies Pregnancy/Lactation Sleep apnea Respiratory depression Narrow angle glaucoma |
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Benzo Adverse Effects |
Over expression of CNS depression -decreased resp. -decreased HR -loss of consciousness Hypotension Amnesia Anorexia Sedation Older adults need lower doses (more sensitive) |
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Benzo Reactions |
Increased Effects will occur if taken with... Alcohol Barbiturates Opioids Grapefruit juice (can reduce metabolism) |
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Benzo Ed |
Long term use should be slowly tapered down Admin. at bedtime due to sedation Admin. with meals to avoid GI upset If dose is missed, take only up to 1 hour after it was due,otherwise skip |
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Interesting note about Benzos |
Because of their high risk of abuse and addition, they are being replaced with other drugs such as SSRI's, SNRI's, Atypical Anxiolytic agents |
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Atypical Anxiolytic (nonbarbituate anxiolytic) Mechanism of Action |
Binds to Seratonin and dopamine receptors |
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Atypical Anxiolytic (nonbarbituate anxiolytic) Mechanism of Action |
Binds to Seratonin and dopamine receptors |
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Generic Atypical Anxiolytic |
Generic - Busprione Brand - Buspar |
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Atypical Anxiolytic (nonbarbituate anxiolytic) Mechanism of Action |
Binds to Seratonin and dopamine receptors |
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Generic Atypical Anxiolytic |
Generic - Busprione Brand - Buspar |
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AA Disadvantages |
Effects develop slowly Initial response takes a week 2-6 weeks to take full effect Must be taken on a regular basis NOT A PRN |
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AA Therapeutic Uses |
Panic disorders Social anxiety disorder OCD and related PTSD and trauma/stressor related disorders |
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AA Complications |
Dizziness Nausea Headache Lightheadedness Agitation |
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AA Complications |
Dizziness Nausea Headache Lightheadedness Agitation |
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AA Contraindications |
Preg. risk category B Not recommended for breastfeeding women Caution with elderly/patients with liver and/or renal dysfunction Contraindicated for concurrent use with MAOI for 14 days after MAOI's are discontinued |
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AA Complications |
Dizziness Nausea Headache Lightheadedness Agitation |
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AA Contraindications |
Preg. risk category B Not recommended for breastfeeding women Caution with elderly/patients with liver and/or renal dysfunction Contraindicated for concurrent use with MAOI for 14 days after MAOI's are discontinued |
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AA Interactions |
Erythromycin Ketoconazole St. John's Wort Grapefruit juice can decrease the effects Increase risk for seratonin syndrome with SSRI's. Monitor for fever, tremor, diarrhea, and delirium |
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AA Nursing Admin |
Take medication with meals to avoid gastric irritation Advise Effects do not occur immediately Take regularly, not PRN short-term treatment but have shown benefit for a year |
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AA Client Ed |
May cause constipation - advise to increase fiber and fluid Report any depression or thoughts of suicide |
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SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS Mechanisms of Action |
Inhibits serotonin reuptake, allowing more serotonin to stay at the junctions 4 weeks to produce therapeutic medication levels |
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SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS Mechanisms of Action |
Inhibits serotonin reuptake, allowing more serotonin to stay at the junctions 4 weeks to produce therapeutic medication levels |
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SSRI DRUGS |
Paroxetine (Paxil) Sertraline (Zoloft) |
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SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS Mechanisms of Action |
Inhibits serotonin reuptake, allowing more serotonin to stay at the junctions 4 weeks to produce therapeutic medication levels |
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SSRI DRUGS |
Paroxetine (Paxil) Sertraline (Zoloft) |
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SSRI Uses |
Some SSRI may be used to maintain anxiety Must maintain blood levels, cannot be used as a "rescue" drug for an accuse episode of anxiety |
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