Anthropology Vocab For Final

Front 1

Age grade

Back 1

a category of people of the same sex and approx. the same age who share a set of duties and privileges

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Age set

Back 2

named grouping of individuals of approx. the same age which persist for the lifetime of those individuals

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animal husbandry

Back 3

breeding, care and use of herd animals such as sheep, goats, camels, cattle, yaks

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cattle complex

Back 4

east african socioeconomic system in which cattle represents social status as well as weath

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clan

Back 5

a group that claims but cannot traecc precisely their descent from a common ancestor

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economic stratification

Back 6

the segmentation of society along lines of access to resources

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horizontal migration

Back 7

nomadic pattern characterized by regular movement over a large area in search of pasture

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nomadic pastoralism

Back 8

the strategy of moving the heards that are one's livelihood from pasture to pasture as the seasons and circumstances require

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oasis

Back 9

human constructed fertile area in an arid region

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sedentary pastoralism

Back 10

animal husbandry that does not involve mobility

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segmentary lineage

Back 11

descent group in which minimal lineages are encompassed as segments of minor lineages, minor lineages, as segments of major lineages and so on

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specialized pastoralism

Back 12

adaptive strategy of near exclusive reliance on animal husbandry

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transhumance

Back 13

seasonal movement of livestock between upland and lowland

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administrative system

Back 14

20th century system of ownership in which land is owned and managed by the state; found in China, the former Soviet Union, and some parts of Africa and Latin America

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corvee

Back 15

unpaid labor lieu of taxation, usually on road construction and maintenance

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domestic cycle

Back 16

changes in the houshold organization that results from a series of demographic events

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extended family

Back 17

multiple family unit incorporating adults of two or more generation

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household

Back 18

domestic residential group whose members live together in intimate contact, rear children, share the proceeds of labor, and other resources held in common, and in general, cooperate on a day to day basis

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fallow time

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the time required for soils to regain nutrients following planting; industrial farming has greatly shortened this time leasing to increased production

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intensification

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an increase in the product derived from the unit of land or labor

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patrilocal residence

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residence of a married couple with or near the husband's kin

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peasants

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farmers who lack control over the means of their production the land, other resources, the capital, they need to grow their crops and the labor they contribute to the process

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sharecropping

Back 23

working land owned by others for a share of the yield

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stem family

Back 24

the basic coresidential unit in an extended family. Among the Tamang of Nepal, the stem family is the mother, father, and younger son (other children move out upon mariage)

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structural adjustment

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Economic sources that can be sustained without long term depletion, such as some forms of water power or solar powerm as opposed to energy sources which once harvested are no longer available such as coal or oil

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centralization

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concentration of political and economic decisions in the hands of a few individuals or institution

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dependency theory

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Andre Gunter Frank who argued that massive poverty in the underdeveloped world is caused by large, developed countries keeping poorer countries dependent through selling ras materials and labor while importing manufactured goods

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developement anthroplogy

Back 28

Employment of anthropological theory and findings to have a practical and ameliorating effect on the lives of people

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differentiation

Back 29

organization in seperate units for various activities and purposes

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globalization

Back 30

due to recent developments in communication and transportation, people all over the world are coming to share similar aspirations, cultural codes, and patterns of consumption

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impact assessment

Back 31

measuring the social, economic, or cultural impacts of development efforts

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intensification

Back 32

an increase in the product derived from a unit of land or labor

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modernization theory

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the theory that societied modernizeor develop through specific stages driven by entreperneurial values and access to capital

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nucleation

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the tendency of populations to cluster in settlements of increasing size and density

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specialization

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the limited range of activities in wich a single individual is likely to be engaged

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stratification

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the division of a society into groups that have degrees of access to resources and power

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structural adjustment

Back 37

economic reforms directed to eliminating subsidies and encouraging market forces often involving privatization of previously state-owned enterprises

Front 38

sustained energy

Back 38

energy sources that can be sustained without long term depletion such as some forms of water power or solar power as opposed to energy sources which one harvested are no longer available such as coal or oil