Anthropology Test 3 Part 1

Front 1

worldview

Back 1

picture of reality based on a set of shared assumptions about how the world works

Front 2

religion

Back 2

a worldview in which people personify cosmic forces and devise ways to deal with them that resemble the ways they deal with powerful human beings in their society

Front 3

animism

Back 3

belief in spiritual beings

Front 4

ancestor cult

Back 4

belief that dead family members have a continued existence

Front 5

gods

Back 5

a being of supernatural powers

Front 6

polytheistic religions

Back 6

traditions in which there are many gods

Front 7

mana

Back 7

supernatural force believed to dwell in a person or sacred object

Front 8

oracle

Back 8

a divine communication or revelation

Front 9

dogma

Back 9

something that is true without needing to have proof

Front 10

orthodoxy

Back 10

correct belief

Front 11

myths

Back 11

stories whose truth seems self-evident because they do such a good job of convincing

Front 12

origin myths

Back 12

myths that explain the creation of the world or creation of humans

Front 13

ritual

Back 13

repetitive social practices, many which have nothing to do with religion

Front 14

religious rituals

Back 14

rituals based on religion

Front 15

prayer

Back 15

a type of religious ritual in which a person is addressing a cosmic force by speaking out loud and bowing

Front 16

sacrifice

Back 16

religious ritual that involves offering something of value to the "gods"

Front 17

congregation

Back 17

meetings where prayer and sacrifice are frequently performed by the members

Front 18

orthopraxy

Back 18

correct practice

Front 19

rite of passage

Back 19

one or more members of a society are ritually transformed from one kind of social person into another

Front 20

liminal period

Back 20

the middle stage of a rite of passage, in which they pass thru the transistional state: they are neither in the old position nor yet in the new one

Front 21

communitas

Back 21

unstructured community of equal individuals

Front 22

magic

Back 22

ritual practices that do not have apparent effects but are believed by the person doing them to have an influence on outcomes of practical matters

Front 23

witchcraft

Back 23

performance of evil by human beings believed to possess an innate, nonhuman influence that can be activated w/o indivual's awareness

Front 24

shamans

Back 24

part-time religious specialists commonly found in small-scale egalitarian societies.

Front 25

priests

Back 25

full-time, formally trained specialists who are skilled in the practice of religious rituals which are carried out for the benefit of the group or individuals within the group

Front 26

conversion

Back 26

individuals in question will adopt an entirely new worldview or religion

Front 27

syncretism

Back 27

the union of different religions

Front 28

revitalization

Back 28

a deliberate, organized attempt by some members of a society to create a more satisfying culture

Front 29

art

Back 29

includes sculpture, drawing, painting, dance, theatre, music, and literature

Front 30

aesthetic

Back 30

theories about the nature and value of art

Front 31

art by intention

Back 31

objects that were made to be art

Front 32

art by appropriation

Back 32

obects that became art because at a certain moment certain people decided that it was art

Front 33

ethnomusicology

Back 33

study of the musics of the world