Anthropology Test 2 Ch 8

Front 1

belief

Back 1

people's perception of the world around them. It can be political, religous, or medical.

Front 2

ideology

Back 2

rational for rightness and why things are the way they are. Usually justifications

Front 3

worldview

Back 3

encompassing pictures of reality created by members of societies

Front 4

symbol

Back 4

something that stands for something else. It can be a word, image, or action.

Front 5

Describe type of metaphors: societal

Back 5

a worldview metaphor whose model for the world is the social order.

Front 6

organic metaphor

Back 6

a worldview metaphor that applies the image of the body to social structures and institutions.

Front 7

technological metaphor

Back 7

a worldview metaphor that employs objects made by human beings as metaphorical predicates

Front 8

what is religious behavior?

Back 8

practices usually associated with religions.
1. prayer- customary way of addressing a personified cosmic force speech pattern changes, can be memorized prayer, quiet meditation
2. music- there are often instruments and singing in church
3. dance- including trance dancing who believe actually diety comes into the body
4. feast- particular meals also fasting
5. sacrifice- can be blood, or even monatery

Front 9

Who are religious practitioners?

Back 9

Sharman- part-time healers. They set bones,use herbs. both spiritual and medical healers
2. Priest- one who precides over a ritual and go through educational training
3. Minister- comfort and support. usually male
4. Pastor- protects the "flock"
5. Preacher- norm enforcer
6. Rabbi- teacher. passes on religous instruction

Front 10

prayer

Back 10

where there are personified cosmic forces, and there is a customary way of addressing them. can be chanting. speech pattern changes.

Front 11

exhortation

Back 11

people believed to have a stronger spiritual connection, in a religious group, who are expected to use this in the spirtual interest of others. heal, threaten, interpert

Front 12

mana

Back 12

impersonal superhuman power that can be transferred from one object to another. example:laying on hands.

Front 13

feast

Back 13

eating and drinking in a religous context.

Front 14

fast

Back 14

going without food in religious context

Front 15

sacrifice

Back 15

giving something of value to the supernatural force. can be food, money, labor.

Front 16

shaman

Back 16

a part-time religious pratitioner who is believed to have the power to contact the supernatural forces of behalf of individuals or groups

Front 17

priest

Back 17

religious practitioner skilled in the practice of religious rituals, which he or she carries out for the benefit of the group.

Front 18

witchcraft

Back 18

the performance of evil by human beings believed to possess an innate, nonhuman power to do evil, whether or not it is intentional

Front 19

magic

Back 19

a set of beliefs and practices designed to control the visible or invisible world for specific purposes.

Front 20

What are the social functions of religion?

Back 20

looking at a religion as a social science not as a theological study. Look at it as how it helps a society.
1. gives explanation to creation, what happens when we die, etc.
2. Psycholotical support- helps people get through crisis
3. Supports the social order- puts supernatural sanction on norms
4. social communication, families, and group identity.

Front 21

What is the peyote hunt?

Back 21

ritual of the Huichol pilgrims. Each pilgrim is given a name of a Huichol god. THey follow strict rules that separate them from their everyday routines. many ways of speaking and acting are reversed. they go into the desert and hunt for peyote, they share the first peyote cactus and it brings the group close together.

Front 22

Explain two responses to colonial powers: syncretism and revitalization.

Back 22

syncretism- blending of cultures in some way.
revitalizatin- resistance to foreign influence. Going back to old ways. rejection of invasion.

Front 23

sect

Back 23

broken away from denomination because they feel the denomination is not strict enough.

Front 24

cult

Back 24

want change from denomination. usually charasmatic leader.