Anthropology - Sec. 2 Midterm

Front 1

Metaphor

Back 1

A form of thought and language that asserts a meaningful link between two expressions from different semantic domains. Used to express the depth of meaning

Front 2

Subject

Back 2

The "unfamiliar" half of a metaphor; the half that needs explaining. IE, The Lord

Front 3

Predicate

Back 3

The "familiar" part of the metaphor used to explain the subject. IE, "is my shepherd"

Front 4

Metonymy

Back 4

The culturally definised relationship of the parts of the semantic domain to the domain as a whole

Front 5

Technological Metaphor

Back 5

"Computer" metaphor-- ie, the mind is calculating

Front 6

Organic Metaphor

Back 6

applies the image of the body to metaphors-- ie, the economy is a healthy body

Front 7

Societal Metaphor

Back 7

A metaphor that uses social order to create a metaphor-- ie, protein production ias an assembly line production

Front 8

World view

Back 8

An encompassing picture of reality created by members in a society

Front 9

revitaalization

Back 9

A convious, deliberate movement by members of society to create a more satisfying culture

Front 10

Religion

Back 10

The most common world view. Ideas and practices that postulate reality beyond what is immediately available to the senses

Front 11

Syncretism

Back 11

Synthesis of old and new religious practices

Front 12

Social Organization

Back 12

The patterning of human interdependance based on the actions and decisions of its members

Front 13

Political Anthropology

Back 13

The study of power in a given society

Front 14

Power

Back 14

Transformative Capacity, the ability to change a given situation

Front 15

Types of Power

Back 15

Interpersonal Power - ability to influence others
Structural Power - ability to organize social settings and allocation of labour
Organizational -- limit the actions of others in social settings

Front 16

Free Agency

Back 16

The ability of self contained individuals to pursue own interests above everything else and challenge each other for dominance

Front 17

Ideology

Back 17

A world view justifying the way society works

Front 18

Dominance

Back 18

Coercive Rule

Front 19

Hegenomy

Back 19

Persuading subordinates to view rule as legitimate

Front 20

Governmentality

Back 20

The act of governing appropriate to promoting welfare of those within a state

Front 21

Alienation

Back 21

The sense of seperation an individual feels between one and his job

Front 22

Anomie

Back 22

A deep feeling of rootlessness and that they don't have a set of norms

Front 23

Consensus

Back 23

An agreement to which each party agrees

Front 24

Persuasion

Back 24

Power based on verbal argument

Front 25

Resistance

Back 25

The power to refuse the imposition of another's will

Front 26

Essentially Negotiable Concepts

Back 26

Have an element of uncertainty-- meaning in a particular situation must be discussed and negotiated

Front 27

Economy

Back 27

The system of production, distribution, and consumption

Front 28

Sustenance Strategies

Back 28

Patterns of production, distribution and consumption a society must abide by in order to meet means necessary for survival

Front 29

Extensive Agriculture

Back 29

Extends over land -- temporal plots that move with the fertility of soil and climate, clearing uncultivated lands, etc.

Front 30

Intensive Agriculture

Back 30

In a set plot of land-- fields must be cycled, plots turned, plowed, etc.

Front 31

Institutions

Back 31

Well established culture practices that organize social life

Front 32

Scarcity

Back 32

Unlimited human want but limited resources

Front 33

Neoclassical economic Theory

Back 33

A formal attempt to explain capitalism

Front 34

Modes of Exchange

Back 34

Reciprocity
Redistribution
Market Exchange

Front 35

Reciprocity

Back 35

Generalized (expect payment)
Balanced (Karma)
negative (nothing back)

Front 36

Redistribution

Back 36

Centrallized institution recieves input and equally distributes it

Front 37

Market Exchange

Back 37

Suppy and demand, exchange of goods using a medium (money)

Front 38

Labour

Back 38

Activity linking human social groups to the material world

Front 39

Mode of Production

Back 39

A historically occuring set of relations in which energy is wrested from nature via the means of production

Front 40

Means of Production

Back 40

Tools, Organization, Skills, Knowledge

Front 41

Relations of Production

Back 41

Social relations linking someone who uses a particular mean of production to a mode of production

Front 42

Types of Modes of Production

Back 42

Kin-ordered (ie Latino American)
Tributary (Someone produces, then it is taken away)
Capitalist

Front 43

Affluent

Back 43

The condition of having more than enough of whatever is required to satify consumption needs

Front 44

Kinship

Back 44

Social relationships derived from mating, birth, nurturance

Front 45

Marriage

Back 45

A relationship based on mating

Front 46

Descent

Back 46

A relationship based on birth

Front 47

Adoption

Back 47

A relationship based on nurturting

Front 48

Bilateral Descent

Back 48

Descent in which the maternal and paternal sides are looked at equally

Front 49

Unilateral

Back 49

Looking at descent to consider only the male or female side of the family -- paternal or maternal

Front 50

Bilateral Kindred

Back 50

A kinship group consisting of the relatives of a person

Front 51

Clan

Back 51

When individuals and members of a group can no longer trace descent but believe to be descended from a common ancestor

Front 52

Segmentary Opposition

Back 52

When those of the same hierarchal level oppose each other

Front 53

Bridewealth

Back 53

The compensation to a bride's family at marriage for loss of labour, child bearing capacities, etc

Front 54

Collaterality

Back 54

Mother vs. aunt

Front 55

Bifurcation

Back 55

Kin from mother's side vs. father's side distinguished

Front 56

Ascribed Status

Back 56

Born with it

Front 57

Affinal Relations

Back 57

Related through marriage

Front 58

Consanguineal Relations

Back 58

Related through blood

Front 59

Status

Back 59

"Job" -- a particular social position within a group

Front 60

Role

Back 60

"Job Description" -- the rights and obligations associated with a particular role

Front 61

Difference between contract and status

Back 61

Contract is kin based. When the terms of the role have been met, it can be terminated. Equal description of roles for each party. Unlimited range of roles, roles entered upon freely. Status is normally an ascribed role in kin based societies,

Front 62

Mechanical Solidarity

Back 62

"Primitive". Sense of feeling or belonging is based on similarities like language and livelihood. Tasks are based on age and gender and each kinship group is able to sufficiently carry out all tasks necessary for survival.

Front 63

Organic Solidarity

Back 63

"modern". Sense of feeling and belonging is based on group specialization and each group is necessary for survival. A highly developed division of labour

Front 64

Division of labour

Back 64

Worker specialization based on group-- in kin based societies, it is age and sex

Front 65

Sodality

Back 65

Special purpose group, ie union

Front 66

Age Sets

Back 66

Non kin set of social organization based on generation

Front 67

Secret Societies

Back 67

Often used to initate youth into adulthood, based on secret knowledge

Front 68

Egalitarian Societies

Back 68

Socities with no great difference in wealth, power, or prestige to divide classes