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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homo habilis tool technology
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Oldowan
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Homo erectus tool technology
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Acheulian
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Archaic Homo Sapiens tool technology
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Acheulian with Levaliois technique
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Neandertals tool technology
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Mousterian
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AMHS tool technology
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Upper Paleolithic
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Homo habilis morph. characteristics
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smaller teeth; 30% larger cc than australopithecines
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Homo erectus morph. characteristics
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larger brain; taller robust build; approaches modern proportions; FIRST TO DISPERSE OUT OF AFRICA
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Archaic Homo Sapiens morph. characteristics
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large, arching brow ridge; large face; thick, lower cranial vault; smaller dentition
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Neandertal morph. characteristics
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large brain with modern organization; occipital bun; no chin; large nasal aperture; different inner ear bone shape; taurodont molars; retromolar gap; extensive wear on anterior teeth; cold-adapted barrel-shaped chest; robust, short limbs; strong muscle markings; stout
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AMHS morph. characteristics
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appearance of modern humans; reduced browridge; avg of 1300 cc; prominent chin; little/no prognathism; small teeth; less robust; thin cranial bones; forehead
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Upper Paleolithic tool types
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blade tools like knives, microliths; burin-chisel; atlatl-spear thrower; harpoons-bow and arrow
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Upper Paleolithic art
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cave art-extensive, widespread, pictures of wild bulls, bears; wall of handprints sculpture-portable; Venus figurines (fertility)
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Out of Africa or Complete Replacement Theory
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AMHS first evolved in Africa
Migrated throughout the world Displaced/drove other populations to extinction NO GENE FLOW evidence= mtDNA (African Eve), Y chromosome -greatest differences in African populations -indicates the oldest -all come from single mitochondrial Eve dated 140-120 kya Controversial: assumes constant mutation rate |
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Partial Replacement Theory
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AMHS first evolved in Africa
Interbred with populations before replacing ALLOWS GENE FLOW Evidence= modern Asia-shovel shaped incisors modern Europe-projecting midface/thick browridge Population density of Neandertals-low -contributed to gene flow, but were genetically swamped by AMHS *evidence that Neandertal DNA persists in modern populations |
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Multiregional Theory
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AMHS developed in local populations in Europe, Africa, Asia
Gene flow occurred between these populations -remained the same species Gene flow & local selection H. erectus-> modern humans one variable species |
