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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nacierma (reading)
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aspects of the behavior and society of citizens of the United States of America. Nacirema offers a form of word play by spelling "American" backwards.
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The Sound of Rushing Water (reading)
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curing shamans drink natema to induce a trance like state in order to see inside a bewitched persons body. they find the tsentsak
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The Priest and the Nganga (film)
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priest joins a tribe and takes part in a healing ceremony, where they sacrifice a goat in order to trick the bewitcher into thinking the person has died.
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Touching the Timeless-Navaho medicine man (film)
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Medicine man makes drawings on sand in order to pay respects and let ancient ancestors enter the room, to ask forgiveness for a child who killed a snake.
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Compare Euro-American ideas about health and illness with those others, including the Navaho and the Jivaro people , and those seen in films (Cameroon)
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Euro-American use medical diagnosis to cure patients.
Navaho use drawings Jivaro use Curing Shamans to see inside the patients Cameroon abuse young children and banished from their families. |
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What causes of illness and how are they diagnosed and cured?
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-biochemical-
-psychological -social -spiritual |
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What are some common supernatural causes of illness?
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-sorcery or witchcraft
-broken taboo -disease-causing object in body -disease-causing spirit in body -loss of soul |
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-How do cultural beliefs about the body affect understanding of illness and health?
-Is this true in all societies? |
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How are expressions of emotion shaped by culture?
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How does faith affect healing?
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loss of faith in treatment reduces effort
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What is the "placebo effect"?
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The beneficial effect in a patient following a particular treatment that arises from the patient's expectations concerning the treatment rather than from the treatment itself
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Is there a difference between magic and religion?
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religion rituals that tend to involve the whole od the community, magic is often centered on the needs and desires of an individual
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What is the function of magic in society?
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magic in society give control and reason to blame things on
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What have major theorists said about this? (Tylor, Frazer, Durkheim, Malinowski)
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How is magic used in the Trobriand Islands (gardening, fishing, canoe-building)?
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canoe building- build a canoe to reduce weight of log.
fishing- gardening- |
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How do the Azande use magic, divination/oracles?
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oracles-iwa, rubbing board, dakpa, termite oracle and benge, the poison oracle
magic-plant based materials called medicines, |
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What types of divination have been identified?
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inspirational
non-inspirational |
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What are some examples of divination techniques?
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-dream analysis
-tarot cards -reading bones -dowsing -palmistry -astrology |
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How are dreams used for divination?
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-source of information
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What are some common dream types and their meanings?
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-chase dreams
-naked dreams -falling dreams -flying dreams -recurring dreams |
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Witchcraft AMong the Azande
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curing shamans and bewitching shamans.
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Baseball Magic(online reading)
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players heavily rely on rituals, fetishes, to win games
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Fishing Magic (online reading)
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tribe uses rituals to possibly achieve a better catch.
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What are the characteristics of altered states of consciousness?
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-alterations in thinking
-disturbed time sense -loss of control -change in emotional expression -body image change -perceptual distortions -change in meaning or significance -sense of the ineffable -feelings of rejuvenation |
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What methods may be used to achieve altered states of consciousness?
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-fasting
-sacred pain |
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What is the biological basis for achieving altered states of consciousness?
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-orientation association structure-to distinguish self from surrounding world and orient self in space
-sympathetic system- the arousal system of the brain, overstimulation effect |
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How does the setting affect the use of intoxicants?
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the use of substances in religious practice occurs within a religious context, the experience is strongly influenced by cultural expectations.
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What roles do altered states play in religious practice?
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-supernatural power or spirits possession
-trance state -healing -unitary state |
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How are drugs used by the Huichol, Native American Church, Yanomamo, and Rastafarians?
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Huichol- Peyote is key element in their religious practices; its use to contact and interact with supernatural powers in rituals that are integral part of their pilgrimage.
-Native American Church-halllucinogenic cactus peyote, when ingested they are one with God. -Yanomamo-snort or enema into rectum ebene, to entice the hekura into the chest. -Rasta-smoke weed, seen as a religious sacrament and a way to gain new understandings of self, universe and God. |
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How are altered states of consciousness used in the Holiness church, the Cheyenne Sun Dance?
Give Example: Altered States (video clip blackboard) |
-holiness church-to be filled with the Holy Ghost (unitary state) they meditate and chant to attain this, no drugs
-Cheyenne Sun Dance-pledge made in hopes of healing a loved one. |
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How does witchcraft differ form sorcery (according to anthropological definitions)?
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witchcraft is something the person is born with inside of them.
sorcery is something that is learned. |
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What are the social effects of witchcraft?
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weaker social positon of women made them easier to accuse.
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How do European and American notions of witchcraft differ from those of small-scale traditional societies?
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witches are seen in a better light, because of the media (movies,shows, tv), in small scale societies it is considered antisocial behavior.
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How did ideas about witchcraft in England differ from those in the rest of Europe?
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England- didn't fly, harmed livestock, caused diseases, and hurt infants and children. witches were prosecuted under civil, not religious law then hanged.
Europe-had orgies, ate babies. prosecuted under religious law and were tortured. |
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What is the function of witchcraft in society?
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fulfill our unconscious need to blame someone for the misfortunes that we experience in our daily lives.
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How is Christianity involved in the Euro-American context?
-examples:Azande witchcraft, Navaho witchcraft, the witch-craze in Europe, england and US |
christianity - ideas of witchcraft in Europe were influenced by Christian ideas about the nature of evil.
Azande- |
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E.E Evans-Pritchard
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nstrumental in the development of social anthropology. He was Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Oxford
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Clyde Kluckhohn
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was an American anthropologist and social theorist, best known for his long-term ethnographic work among the Navajo and his contributions to the development of theory of culture within American anthropology.
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James Brain
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What factors can lead to cultural change?
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-dominant culture undergoes far-less change then the sub one.
-wealthier culture establishes control over sub one, sub experiences changes |
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What types of situations may lead to new forms of religion?
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-economic structures
-technology -relationship and natural environment -movements of people |
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What is syncretism?
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a fusing of traits from two cultures to form something new and yet permitting the retention of the old by subsuming the old into a new form
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How can syncretism be seen in the practices of Haitian Vodou and Santeria?
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Vodou-rich in symbolism, with art and dance playing central roles in rituals.grew out 0f several religions indigenous to west africa, and Fon, Kongo, and Yoruba
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What are revitalization movements?
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movement that forms in an attempt to deliberately bring about change in society
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Why do revitalization movements arise?
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result from some environmental disaster such as a drought or epidemic.
- to bring change in society -political and economic marginalization -economic deprivation and poverty -malnutrition |
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What are revitalization stages?
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a movement that forms in an attempt to deliberately bring about change in a society
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What types of revitalization movements have been identified?
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nativistic movements .
revivalistic movements millenarian movements |
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Cargo Cults (RM)
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US military brought in large quantities of manufactured goods.
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THe Ghost Dance (RM)
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incorporated into many native american belief systems.
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The Mormons (RM)
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grew from choice fatigue, during the civil war when the industrial revolution happened, thus having many choices in church.
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Wicca (RM)
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traced back to many Witch related books,
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Rastafarians (RM)
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wanted to improve lives of adherents though adopting new religious beliefs.
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Black Muslims (RM)
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-attracted young men with Muslim message act like a man
-emphasized clean living, respect for women, success through well-run business. |
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Branch Davidians (RM)
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broke off from the seventh day Adventists in the 1940's.
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Unification Church (RM)
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missionaries went to Japan and the US in 1950's., didnt see significant changes till 1970.
Adam and Eve adultery myth |
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Heaven's Gate (RM)
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Last of 3 organizations founded by Marshall Applewhite.
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Raelians (RM)
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founded in 1973, by French race car driver visited by Aliens, aliens interpreted the Bible for him.
cloning only way hope for immortality. |
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Haitian Vodou (RM)
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grew out of several religions indigenous to West Africa, like Fon, Kongo, and Yoruba peoples.
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Santeria (RM)
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developed in Cuba from a fusion of West AFrican religions, primarily Yoruba, and Spanish Catholicism.
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Black Muslims (online reading)
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The Devil's Miner (film)
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