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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Earliest possible bipedal hominins Lived where? How long ago? |
Tugen hills, Kenya Toros Menalla, Chad 6-7 million years ago |
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Apes have stronger neck muscles than humans because... |
The skull weighs significantly less in humans Humans are smaller than great apes |
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Bipedalism is best for what type of travel |
Long distance travel |
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Most crucial change in early hominin evolution |
Bipedalism |
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Hominins found 4-3 million years ago in East Africa |
Australopithecus Afarensis Australopithecus Anamensis |
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Spinal chord enters the skull through the... |
Foramen magnum |
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Which hominin is known for walking bipedally 4.4 million years ago? |
Ardipithecus Ramidus |
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Which hominin has ape like dentition but a human like skeleton? |
Ardipithecus ramidus |
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In what type of habitat did hominins evolve |
Predominantly woodland area |
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When and where did Oldowan tools appear? |
Gona, Ethiopia 2.5 mya |
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What changes allowed hominins to become fully bipedal? |
Changes in feet, pelvis, skull, and knees |
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Which is hominin is the earliest found? |
Sahelanthrops tchadensis |
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Earliest australopithecine? Found where? How old? |
Australopithecus anamensis Northern Kenya 4.2 mya |
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Earliest robust australopithecine? Found where? How old? |
Australopithecus aethiopicus Eastern Africa 2.7-2.3 mya |
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Most well represented australopithecine species |
Australopithecus afarensis |
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Which species lived 3.3 to 2.5 mya in south Africa? |
Australopithecus Africanus |
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Why was the discovery of Australopitheucs boisei important? |
Demonstrated early hominins were present in East Africa |
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genus Homo differ from Australopithecines how? |
smaller cheekteeth less prognathic faces larger cranial capacity |
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Species found in Pliocene |
Homo habilis Aus. anamensis Aus. afarensis |
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How is the pelvis of a biped shaped? |
short, broader, and bowl-shaped |
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Where was Lucy found? |
Found in Ethiopia in 1974 by Donald Johanson |
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Only two species found in Chad, western/central africa |
Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Australopithecus bahrelghazali |
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Hominin most likely to be associated with hominin tools |
Australopithecus garhi |
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Bony crest running on top of the cranium |
Sagittal crest |
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What species was discovered in Tugen hills and how old was it? |
Orrorin Tugenensis 6 mya |
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Did early hominins such as Aus. afarensis use tools like bone and wood? |
Debatable. No accredited with any tool use yet but its possible |
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Did natural selection favor bipedalism or quadrupedalism based off of warming environments in eastern africa? |
Bipedalism |
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Did Raymond Dart find evidence of bipedal hominin s in the eocene period?
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No hominins in eocene period |
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Were Pliocene antrhopoids capable of bipedalism? |
No. Only hominins can walk bipedally |
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Were Aus. Robustus vegetarians? |
80% vegetarian |
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Were Aus. boisei a direct ancestor of our genus homo? |
No. different line and died more than 1 million years ago |
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Did homo habilis and aus. robustus live in South Africe at the same time? |
Yes they did actually mofo |
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How many hominin lines were there between 3 million and 1 million years ago? |
4 lines of hominin |
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Are aus. robustus and aus. boisei a part of the same species? |
No. Both a part of the same genus australopithecus but not same species. |
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Is aus. robustus or aus. africanus more robust? |
Aus. robustus is more robust than africanus. |
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How many footprints were found in the Laetoli region of Tanzania and how long ago? |
3 hominins 3.6 mya |
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Which species does Lucy belong to? |
Australopitheucs afarensis |
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Which species was the earliest robust species? |
Astralopithecus Aethiopicus 2.7 -2.3 mya |
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Australopithecus afarensis is ancestral to... |
Modern humans |
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Is aus. boisei or aus. robustus more robust? |
Boisei was more robust than robustus |
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Features of Aus. boisei |
Large sagittal crest heart shaped foramen magnum thick enamel |
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Where was aus. africanus found? |
Taung, South Africa Sterkfontein, South Africa |
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Features of Aus. Africanus |
Pronounced forehead Subnasal prognathism High glabella |
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Bicondylar angle |
inward sloping angle of the human femur, associated with bipedalism |
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Which species possess apelike dental characteristic with thick enamel and high degree of sexual dimorphism? |
Australopithecus Anamensis |
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Do humans or apes have thick enamel? |
humans |
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Which species does the Taung child belong to and what was part of the fossils found? |
Aus. Africanus Partial skull, almost complete jaw, brain endocast |
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WHere was Aus. Aeithiopicus found and how long ago? |
Omo Valley, Ehtiopia Turkana Kenya 2.6 mya |
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Ardipithecus ramidus dentition |
Thinnish enamel Large canines Narrower teeth |
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Which distinct hominin genera thrived in Africa between 1 and 3 mya |
Homo Australopithecus |
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Did genus homo or australopithecins have post orbital constriction? |
Australopithecines |
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Was homo erectus tall or short? |
TALL SO TALL LIKE HE JOINED THE NBA AT AGE 11 |
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Where twas the first homo erectus found? |
Java Eugene Dubois |
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Where did homo erectus live? |
Most of the old world |
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Are homo habilis and homo rudolfensis the same species |
According to some anthropologists yes |
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Fossils in the Ahoukoudian cave belonged to which species? |
Homo erectus |
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Strata |
Layers of rock or sediments representing various periods of deposition |
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Taphonomy |
Study of the deposition of plants or animal remains the environmental conditions affecting their preservation |
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Cenozoic |
Geological period of the past 66 million years encompassing the radiation of mammals such as primates and humans |
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Eras` |
Major divisions of geologic time that are divided into periods and further subdivided into epochs |
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Epoch |
Divisions of periods on a goelogic time sale |
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Fluorine dating |
relative dating method that compares the accumulation of flourine in animal and human bones from the same sit |
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Index fossil |
Fossils that are from specified time range, which are found in multiple locations that can be used to determine the age of associated strata |
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Biostratigraphic dating |
Relative dating method using correlation of fossils in the strata to determine the approximate age of each layer |
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Dendrochronology |
Chronometric dating method that utilizes a tree ring count to determine numerical age |
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Paleomagnetic dating |
dating method based on changes in earth's magnetic field |
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Arboreal Hypothesis |
A proposition that primates unique suite of traits is an adaptation to living in trees |
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Euprimates |
First true primates from the Eocene |
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Basal Anthropoids |
Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids |
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Omomyids |
Eocene Euprimates that may be ancestral to tarsiers |
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Adapids |
Euprimates of the Eocene most likely ancestral to modern lemurs and possibly ancestral to antrhpoids |
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Angiosperm radiation hypothesis |
Proposition that certain primate traits, such as visual acuity occurred in response to the variability of fruits and flowers following the spread of angiosperms |
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Propliopitheucs |
Oligocene monkeys (propliopithecids) genus |
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Adapis |
A genus of adapids from the Eocene |
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Ouranopitheucs |
A genus of Miocene ape (dryopithecids) found in greece |
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Visual Predation Hypothesis |
THe proposition that unique primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects and small animal |
