Anthropology Exam 2

Front 1

support

Back 1

structural support, attachment of soft tissues, holds organs

Front 2

protection

Back 2

protects vital organs (ribs-lungs and heart)

Front 3

movement/leverage

Back 3

framework for muscle attachment, allows movement at the joints

Front 4

mineral and lipid (fat)storage

Back 4

stores calcuim and phosphate

Front 5

blood cell formation

Back 5

blood cells are produced in reb bone marrow, in children this occurs in long bones, in adults in the ribs, spleen and portions of the flat bones of skull

Front 6

long bones

Back 6

the limb bones as well as finger and toe bones

Front 7

short bones

Back 7

the blocky,often cube-shaped bones of the wrist and ankle, as well as sesamoid bones (the form within a tendon, such as a patella)

Front 8

flat bones

Back 8

those of the cranium, should, pelvis and rib cage

Front 9

irregular bones

Back 9

the vertebrae, facial bones and some bones of the wist and ankle

Front 10

axial skeleton

Back 10

first to develop, includes skull, vertebral column, rib cage, sternum and hyoid

Front 11

appendicular skeleton

Back 11

develops later, consists of limb bones and thier connectoins to the axial skeleton (pelvic and pectoral girdles)

Front 12

diaphysis

Back 12

the shaft, or main portion of the bone

Front 13

epiphyses

Back 13

portions at the extremities or ends of the bone

Front 14

articular cartilage

Back 14

a cartilageinous layer convering the epiphyseal ends

Front 15

metaphysis

Back 15

the region in a mate bone where the diaphysis meets the epiphysis, in growing bone, it is where calcified cartilage is replaced by bone

Front 16

periosteum

Back 16

the connective tissue covering bone inplaces whjere there is no articular cartilage, consists of an outer fibrous layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves that pass into bone and an inner layer that is involved with the production of new bone for growth and repair

Front 17

medullary cavity

Back 17

the space along the inside of the diaphysis that contains yellow marrow (in adults) consisting mostly of fat cells and some scattered blood cells

Front 18

midsagittal or median plane

Back 18

divides the body into equal left and right halves

Front 19

coronal and frontal planes

Back 19

divides the body into front and back portions

Front 20

transverse or horizontal planes

Back 20

divides the body into upper and lower parts

Front 21

medial

Back 21

closer to the midline, or the median plane

Front 22

lateral

Back 22

farther from the midline, or the median plane

Front 23

anterior

Back 23

toward the front

Front 24

posterior

Back 24

toward the back

Front 25

superior

Back 25

above

Front 26

inferior

Back 26

below

Front 27

superficial

Back 27

near the body's surface

Front 28

deep

Back 28

away from the body's surface, internal

Front 29

proximal

Back 29

closer to the attachment of the limb to trunk of body (nearer the hip or shoulder)

Front 30

distal

Back 30

farther from the attachemnt of the limb to trunk of body (away from the hip or shoulder)

Front 31

ventral

Back 31

closer to the belly

Front 32

dorsal

Back 32

closer to the back

Front 33

(skull) frontal

Back 33

the forehead bone. is a single bone whose lower margins are occupied largely by the orbits or eye sockets

Front 34

(skull) parietals

Back 34

these paired bones articulagte with the frontal bone, they make up the walls of the skull, lmeeting at the suture that runs in the midsagittal plane on the top of the head

Front 35

(skull) temporals

Back 35

the pair of bones on sides of head, houses the "ear hoes" and provides articulation for the mandible (lower jaw)

Front 36

(skull) occipital

Back 36

the midline bone at back of the skull, houses the large hoe (forament magnum) at the base of the skull for passage of spinal cord

Front 37

(skull) maxilla

Back 37

these paired bones make up much of the face between the orbits and the mouth

Front 38

(skull) zygomatics

Back 38

these are the paired cheek bones

Front 39

(skull) nasals

Back 39

these small, paired bones lie just superior to the nasal opening, between the orbits

Front 40

(skull)ethmoid

Back 40

a single bone entirely within the skull, it can be seen from the frontal view (at the back of the orbit, medial side) or lateral view (just posterior to lacrimals in orbits) or the superior view with the top of skull removed

Front 41

(skull) sphenoid

Back 41

the large, butterfly-shaped single bone is mostly within skull, but portions are visible laterally

Front 42

(skull)lacrimals

Back 42

small, delicate, paired bones just inside the rim of the orbits, houses canal for tear ducts

Front 43

(skull) mandible

Back 43

lower jaw (single bone after about one year of age)

Front 44

(skull) inferior nasal conchae

Back 44

small, curved bones, one on each side within nasal opening

Front 45

(skull) palatine

Back 45

small, pared bones just posterior to bony palate (of the maxillae)

Front 46

(skull)vomer

Back 46

single midline bone visible just posterior to palatine

Front 47

(sutures) sagittal

Back 47

seperates the two parietal bones;along the midsagittal plane

Front 48

(sutures) coronal

Back 48

separates the frontal from the two parietal bones

Front 49

(sutures) squamosal

Back 49

seperates the parietal from the temporal bone

Front 50

(sutures) lambdoidal

Back 50

separating the parietal bones from the occipital bone.

Front 51

(sutures)metopic

Back 51

seperates the two halves of the frontal bone until approximately 2 years of age in humans; in most mammals and in some primates it is retained through life.

Front 52

heterodont dentition

Back 52

teeth specialized for different functions.

Front 53

dental formula

Back 53

2/2 1/1 2/2 3/3

Front 54

process

Back 54

general term for an area that protrudes on bone

Front 55

condyle

Back 55

large, rounded articular projection or surface dome-shaped articular projection

Front 56

(muscle attachment) turbercle

Back 56

small rounded process

Front 57

(muscle attachment)tuberosity

Back 57

large rounded, rough process

Front 58

(muscle attachment)trochanter

Back 58

large blunt process (only on femur)

Front 59

(muscle attachment)ridge

Back 59

raised, elongated area of bone

Front 60

(muscle attachment)torus

Back 60

thickened ridge

Front 61

(muscle attachment)crest

Back 61

relatively sharp, narrow ridge

Front 62

(muscle attachment)linea or line

Back 62

raised, elongated area that is not as marked as a ridge or a crest

Front 63

(muscle attachment)spine

Back 63

sharp slender projection

Front 64

(muscle attachment)epicondyle

Back 64

prominence above a condyle

Front 65

(concave area of bone)fissure

Back 65

narrow, crack-like opening

Front 66

(concave area of bone)foramen

Back 66

holes for blood vessels and nerves to pass through

Front 67

(concave area of bone) meatus

Back 67

short canal

Front 68

(concave area of bone) sulcus

Back 68

furrow-like depression

Front 69

(concave area of bone) fossa

Back 69

dug-out area, depression

Front 70

(concave area of bone)notch

Back 70

indentation

Front 71

facet

Back 71

a smooth, flat surface for articulation; typically where little movement occurs

Front 72

hyoid bone

Back 72

the bony support for the larynx or voice box.