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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Material Culture.
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physical manifestations of culture
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What are 3 things Material Culture conveys?
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1. Messages about Behavior
2. Sometimes it the only evidence we find out how someone lived 3. Learn abstract ideals |
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Describe the Pre-historic era.
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Both the history of people who have no written record of their past and the era to which this relates.
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Describe Ethnohistory.
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The history of groups-often colonized.
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What are some techniques used by Archeologists?
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Surveying, Excavating, Note Taking, Structure recording (elevation drawings/footprints)
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What kind of excavation is Dug to Death?
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Historic Excavation
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Define a historic excavation.
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Contemporary materials associated with text
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Define a prehistoric excavation.
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When all you have is the archaeological remains
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Define an archaeological site.
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Concentration of material evidence of human activities.
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What are the factors to determine to dig a site?
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1. Whether a site has integrity (limited disturbance)
2. Whether its significant (expound our past) |
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What are the three principles of Archaeological Excavation?
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1. Excavation
2. Analysis 3. Interpretation |
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Define searation.
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Oldest stuff on bottom to newest stuff on top.
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Define relative dating.
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A relational date
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Define absolute dating.
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Giving something a fixed date.
CARBON DATING |
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What about Kahokia?
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Agricultural based society
Largest city of the world Major Urban City between the Illinois and Mississippi river |
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Express three theories about why some animals became extinct.
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1. Hunted to extinction
2. Climate Change (Bigger critters not as adaptive as small) 3. Extreme temperature fluctuations |
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What are some theories about how people came to the new world?
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1. Crossed Bering Strait
-Nomadic hunters -multiple migrations?? |
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What is a Clovis head?
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An arrowhead found in many archaeological sites
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Who were the first ones to come called?
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Paleo-indian Culture
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Explain and who came to invent the Oasis Theory that happened by accident?
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Gordon Child
-Change in the environment, things are drying out, people and animals start clustering around water |
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Who invented the Hillyflanks Theory and explain.
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Robert Braidwood
-that agriculture began in the hilly flanks of the Taurus and Zagros mountains, and that it developed from intensive focused grain gathering in the region. |
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Who invented population pressure theory and explain.
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Benford
-too many people find other places to find food |
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Who invented the liability model and explain.
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Kent Flannelry
-folks develop agriculture to make it more predictable |
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Who invented Social factor's model and explain.
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To expand social boundaries; have a surplus.
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Mausses book, "The Gift" analyzes the social act of gift giving in what three ways?
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1. Obligation to give gifts
2. Obligation to receive 3. Obligation to reciprocate |
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What animal was the first to be domesticated and how come?
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The dog
1. Hunting 2. Feed themselves 3. Supplemental Benefits |
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Explain Jared Diamonds negative acts of agriculture.
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1. Lot harder work and working longer
2. Balance more variety 3. More population based on ag and famine 4. Violence 5. Disease |
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Define Language.
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A system of vocal symbols we use to encode our experience of the world
-Language is profoundly symbolic |
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What was Wade's view of Language?
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It was an issue of security
Spread out because of Agriculture |
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Define descriptive linguists.
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Map out meaningful sounds of a language
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Define Phonemes.
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smallest class of sounds that make a difference in meaning
Ex: Bit and pit |
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Define Morphemes.
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smallest unit of sounds that carry a meaning
Ex: Dog and Cat |
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Define Grammar.
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Formal structure of words
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What do sociolinguistics do?
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explores the rulesof languages of culture
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what about Sapir/warf?
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language directly influences culture and creates categories to see things in a different way.
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Define Paralanguage.
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study the sounds that accompany language
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Define Kinesics.
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study of body language conveying messages
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