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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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primates
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the group o mammals that includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans.
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mammals
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the class of vertebrate animals distinguished by bodies covered with fur, self-regulating temperature, and in females milk-producing mammary glands.
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species
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the smallest working unit in the system of classification. among living organisms, species are populations or groups of populations capable of interbreeding and producing fertile viable offspring.
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genus, genera (plural)
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in the system of plant and animal classification, a group of like species.
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taxonomy
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the science of classification
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analogies
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in biology, structures possessed by different organisms that are superficially similar due to similar function; without sharing a common developmental pathway or structure.
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homologies
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in biology, structures possessed by two different organisms that arises in similar fashion and pass through similar stages during embryonic development though they may possess different functions.
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natural selection
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the evolutionary process through which factors in the environment exert pressure, favoring some individuals over others to produce the next generation.
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genes
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portions of DNA molecules that direct the synthesis of specific proteins
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law of segregation
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the mendelian principle that variants of genes for a particular trait retain their separate identities through the generations
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law of independent assortment
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the mendelian principle that genes controlling different traits are inherited independently of one another
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chromosomes
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in the cell nucleus, the structures visible during cellular division containing long strands of DNA combined with a protein
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid. the genetic material consisting of a complex molecule whose base structure directs the synthesis of proteins.
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alleles
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alternate forms of a single gene
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genome
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the complete structure sequence of DNA for a species
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genome
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the complete structure sequence of DNA for a species
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mitosis
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a kind of cell division that produces new cells having exactly the same number of chromosome pairs, and hence copies of genes, as the parent cell.
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meiosis
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a kind of cell division that produces the sex cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes found in other cells of the organism.
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homozygous
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refers to a chromosome pair that bears identical allels for a single gene
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heterozygous
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refers to a chromosome pair that bears different allels for a single gene
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genotype
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the allels possessed for a particular trait
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phenotype
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the observable or testable appearance of an organism that may or may not reflect a particular genotype due to the variable expression of dominant and recessive allels.
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dominance
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the ability of one allele for a trait to mask the presence of another allele.
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recessive
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an allele for a trait whose expression is masked by the presence of a dominant allele.
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hemoglobin
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the protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells
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polygenetic inheritance
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when two or more genes contribute to the phenotypic expression of single character
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population
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in biology a group of similar individuals that can and do interbreed
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gene pool
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all the genetic variants possessed by members of a population
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evolution
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changes in allele frequencies in populations. also known as microevolution.
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mutation
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chance alteration of genetic material that produces new variation
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