Anthropology 001 Midterm - Georgetown University

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Bio-Medicine

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a branch of medical science that applies biological and other natural-science principles to clinical practice.

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Culture-Bound Syndromes

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a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture.

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Dab

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An evil spirit in Hmong culture

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Division of Labor

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is the specialisation of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and like roles. Historically, an increasingly complex division of labour is closely associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrialisation processes.

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Emile Durkheim

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French social scientist considered the father of sociology.

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Ethnomedicine

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the study of medicines from civilized culture to cultures that have passed down natural remedies by word of mouth or other means.

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Hmong

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Mountain people from China, Laos and Vietnam.

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Hu Plig

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Soul calling ceremony performed by the shaman when the soul has been called away.

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Laos

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Country in Asia surrounded by Vietnam to the East, Thailand to the West and Cambodia to the South.

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Multi-Site Research

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Research conducted in several areas that result in the

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Medical Anthropology

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An interdisciplinary field which studies "human health and disease, health care systems, and biocultural adaptation"

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Rite of Passage (Three Stages)

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A ritual performed to symbolize the movement of a person from one stage to another (i.e. manhood, puberty, marriage, etc).
There are three stages: Separation, Transition and Reintegration.

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Rituals

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A ritual is a set of actions, performed mainly for their symbolic value. It may be prescribed by the traditions of a community, including a religious community.

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Spair-Whorf Hypothesis

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The linguistic theory that the semantic structure of a language shapes or limits the ways in which a speaker forms conceptions of the world.
The principle of linguistic relativity holds that the structure of a language affects the ways in which its speakers conceptualize their world, i.e. their world view, or otherwise influences their cognitive processes

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Shaman

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a priest or priestess who uses magic for the purpose of curing the sick, divining the hidden, and controlling events

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Sociolinguistics

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The descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society.

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Studying Up

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An idea proposed by Laura Nader of Berkeley University which urges anthropologists to move away from studying people w/o plumbing and to study the power brokers in society. However, it has proven difficult as the powerful people have gatekeepers.

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"Transcortical Lead Therapy"

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Essentially to shoot Lia Lee because the Hmong people were extremely difficult to deal with.

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Txiv Neeb

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A shaman of the Hmong people.

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Abaya

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garment worn by Muslim women in Arabic speaking countries. Black, long-sleeved usually worn with veil.

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Abu/Um

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Dad or Mom usually put in front.

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Age of Discovery/Exploration

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Era between the 16th and 18th century when Europeans explored Africa, Asia and the Americas.

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Ashura

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Literally means 10th, the tenth day of mourning for the death of Muhammad's grandson.

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Bayt

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Literally means house, such as the house of Muhammad or the House in Baghdad, Iraq.

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Bint-amm

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Female cousin (daughter of your mom's brother) usually related to marriage

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Biocultural

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scientific study of human biology and culture.

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Boas, Franz

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Father of Modern Anthropology and the Father of American Anthropology

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Cognitive Map

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the mental map we have as individuals of the world around us and where we live.

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Colonialism

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Colonialism is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory.

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Cosmology

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the study of the origins and eventual fate of the universe.

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Cultural Relativism

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Cultural relativism is the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context. In other words, “right” and “wrong” are culture-specific; what is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another, and, since no universal standard of morality exists, no one has the right to judge another society’s customs.

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Culture

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Culture is learned, shared, patterned, adaptive and symbolic behaviors.

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Culture Shock

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The feeling of being disorientated and away from familiarity. Feeling frustrated, and w/o belonging.

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Dialectical

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Relating to the logical discussion of ideas and opinions.
Concerned with or acting through opposing forces.

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Dou Dongo

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People of the highlands, live in Indonesia. Live in Indonesia, third island from right to left.

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El-Nahra

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Place in Southern Iraq near Diwaniyah

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Emic

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An 'emic' account is a description of behavior or a belief in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor; that is, an emic account comes from a person within the culture. Almost anything from within a culture can provide an emic account.

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Empirical

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derived from or guided by experience or experiment.

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Endogamy

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the practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group, class, or social group, rejecting others on such basis as being unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships.

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Ethnocentrism

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judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

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Ethnography

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a writing that focuses on the research of a particular people from an emic perspective.

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Fieldwork

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field research, the collection of information outside of a laboratory or library.

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Gender

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a range of physical, mental, and behavioral characteristics distinguishing between masculinity and femininity.

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Haram/Halal

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Haram: forbidden to eat
Halal: permissible to eat

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Hierarchy

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an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another.

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Holistic

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relating to or concerned with wholes or with complete systems rather than with the analysis of, treatment of, or dissection into parts

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Ibn-Khaal

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male cousin (son of your moms brother)

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Iid el-fitr

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celebration at the end of Ramadan, feast!

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Inductive

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emic approach to studying, you do not go in with preconceived notions or theories but rather follow the patterns

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Inference

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an assumption based on information, observation or experience.

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Institution

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a significant practice, relationship, or organization in a society or culture

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Isomorphic

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large-scale cultural shift to an identical or similar form, shape or structure.

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Karbala

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Place in Iraq near Baghdad, Southwest.

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Kinship

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the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves.

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Mechanical Solidarity

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Based on resemblances (predominant in less advanced societies)
Segmental type (first clan-based, later territorial)
Little interdependence (social bonds relatively weak)
Relatively low volume of population
Relatively low material and moral density
Highly religious
Transcendental (superior to human interests and beyond discussion)
Attaching supreme value to society and interests of society as a whole
Concrete and specific

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Organic Solidarity

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Based on division of labour (predominately in more advanced societies)
Organized type (fusion of markets and growth of cities)
Much interdependency (social bonds relatively strong)
Relatively high volume of population
Relatively high material and moral density
Increasingly secular
Human-orientated (concerned with human interests and open to discussion)
Attaching supreme value to individual dignity, equality of opportunity, work ethic and social justice
Abstract and general

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Metacommunication

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communication through symbolically significant cues, about how to interpret what is being said.

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Mixtec

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People by Oaxaca...Southern West Coast of Mexico.

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Nacirema

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Joke about the people in America.

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Nuyoo

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Place in Oaxaca Mexico.

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Participant Observation

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Doing research as a member of the people being researched, emic perspective.

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Qualitative

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Research based on observation, experience.

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Quantitate

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Numbers.

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Ramadan

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Muslim celebration that lasts a month and is marked by fasting to observe one of the pillars of Islam.

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Rank

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The level someone falls to in the hierarchy.

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Role

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a set of connected behaviours, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualised by actors in a social situation.

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Souq

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Market

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Symbol

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something that stands for something else.

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Taaziya

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celebration in Muslim culture where the men march down the streets.

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Unilineal Descent Group

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Blood line is traced through either mother or father.

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World View

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Informally: how we view the world around us
Formally: the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the entirety of the individual or society's knowledge and point-of-view, including natural philosophy; fundamental, existential, and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics.