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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Edward Tyler (1831 - 1917) and Louis Henry Morgan (1818 - 1881) |
Cultural Evolutionism |
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Societies pass through distinct developmental stages (savagery, barbarism, civilization) |
Cultural Evolutionism |
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Herbert Spencer (1820 -1903) and Wm. Graham Sumner (1840 - 1910) |
Social Darwinism |
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societies/cultures ranked according to capacity to adapt and survive in rapidly changing social and economic conditions |
Social Darwinism
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"Survival of the fittest" - only the "most fit" societies should be allowed to thrive; the other ones should die out |
Social Darwinism |
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republican party stems from this |
Social Darwinism |
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Karl Marx (1818 - 1883) |
Marxian Evolutionism |
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primitive communism >> slave societies >> feudalism >> capitalism >> pure communism |
Marxian Evolutionism |
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dialetical materialism - cultural evolution results from the struggle between opposing social interests |
Marxian Evolutionism |
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British group: G. Elliot Smith (1971 - 1937), Wm. J. Perry (1887 - 1949) - assumed all cultures originated in ancient Egypt |
Diffusionism |
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German group: Fritz Graebner (1877 - 1934), Wilhelm Schmidt (1868 - 1954) - kulturekreis ("culture circles") - original, small-scale cultural completes scattered around the globe; entire culture circles diffuse to new regions |
Diffusionism |
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Franz Boas (1858 - 1942), Robert Merton (1910 - 2003) |
Historical Particularism |
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one of 1st to rely on religious ethnographic field data; scientific methods |
Historical Particularism |
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concept of cultural relativity - all of a culture's parts make the culture what it is; the culture cannot be understood unless all of its parts are understood |
Historical Particularism
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culture learned unconsciously |
Psychological Anthropology
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cultural traits/patterns all exist for a reason (though the reason can be lost in time or not make sense to other cultures) |
Historical Particularism |
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emphasis on relationship between culture and individual character |
Psychological Anthropology |
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Edward Sapir (1884 - 1939), Ruth Benedict (1887 - 1947), Margaret Mead (1901 - 1987) |
Psychological Anthropology |
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configurationalism - each society produces own personality type - rewards/punishments mold young into certain personality types |
Psychological Anthropology |
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gender-based temperament is conditioned by culture and is not inherent |
Psychological Anthropology |
