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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is anthropology?
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The study of all humanity.
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The name of our book.
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What is adaptation?
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Adaptation is how organisms develop physiological and behavioral characteristics that allow them to survive and reproduce in there environment.
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What is morphology?
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The study of meaningful sound sequences and the rules by which they are formed.
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What is kinesics?
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The study of nonlinguistic bodily movements, such as gestures and facial expressions, as a systematic mode of communication.
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What is enculturation?
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the social process by which culture is learned and used by a human infant; also called socialization.
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What is endocannibalism?
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The term which describes the practice of eating dead members of one's own culture, tribe or social group.
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What is holism?
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The idea that all the properties of a given system (physical, biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc.) cannot be determined or explained by its component parts alone.
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What is ethnocentrism?
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The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture.
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What is morpheme?
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The smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning.
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What is proxemics?
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Describes the set of measurable distances between people as they interact.
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What is acculturation?
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The exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous firsthand contact.
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What is bride service?
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Traditionally the service rendered by the bridegroom to a bride's family as a bride price or part of one.
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What is participant observation?
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A research strategie which aims to gain a close and intimate familiarity with a given group of individuals (such as a religious, occupational, or subcultural group, or a particular community) and their practices through an intensive involvement with people in their natural environment, often though not always over an extended period of time.
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What is emic view?
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A description of behavior or a belief in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor; that is, an emic account is culture-specific.
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What is etic view?
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A description of a behavior or belief by an observer, in terms that can be applied to other cultures; that is, an etic account is '"culturally neutral".
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What is a free morpheme?
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A free morpheme stands alone as an independent word while carrying the lexical meaning related to the one in the word it is taken from.
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What is a bound morpheme?
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A morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word while carrying the lexical meaning related to the one in the word it is taken from.
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What is sociolinguistics?
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The study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used.
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What is a potlatch?
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A festival ceremony practiced by Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast in North America, along Pacific Northwest coast of the United States and the Canadian province of British Columbia.
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What is a bride price?
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An amount of money or property or wealth paid by the groom or his family to the parents of a woman upon the marriage of their daughter to the groom.
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What is phonology?
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The systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken human language, or the field of linguistics studying this use.
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What is cultural relativism?
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The principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood in terms of his or her own culture.
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What is a phoneme?
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The smallest posited structural unit that distinguishes meaning, though they carry no semantic content themselves.
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What is syntax?
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The rules and principles that govern the sentence structure of any individual language.
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What is semantics?
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The study of interpretation of signs as used by agents or communities within particular circumstances and contexts.
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What is ethnography?
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A genre of writing that uses fieldwork to provide a descriptive study of human societies.
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What is ethnology?
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The branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the origins, distribution, technology, religion, language, and social structure of the ethnic, racial, and/or national divisions of humanity.
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What are name taboos?
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The name of a recently deceased person, and any other words similar to it in sound, may not be uttered.
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What is teknonymy?
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The practice of referring to parents by the names of their children.
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What are the various subfields of anthropology?
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Archaeology
Biological/Physical Cultural Anthropological Linguistics Applied Anthropology |
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What is the focus of Archaeology?
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Studies human cultures through the recovery, documentation, analysis, and interpretation of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, features, biofacts, and landscapes.
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What is the focus of Biological/Physical Anthropology?
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Studies the mechanisms of biological evolution, genetic inheritance, human adaptability and variation, primatology, primate morphology, and the fossil record of human evolution.
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What is the focus of Cultural Anthropology?
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The branch of anthropology that has developed and promoted "culture" as a meaningful scientific concept, studied cultural variation among humans, and examined the impact of global economic and political processes on local cultural realities.
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What is the focus of Anthropological Linguistics?
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The study of the relations between language and culture, and the relations between human biology, cognition and language.
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What is the focus of Applied Anthropology?
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the application of method and theory in anthropology to the analysis and solution of practical problems.
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What are the characteristics of culture?
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Learned
Shared Based on symbol Integrated Adaptive |
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How are language and speech different?
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Language is a dynamic set of sensory symbols of communication and the elements used to manipulate them where as speech is the processes associated with the production and perception of sounds used in spoken language.
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What are the characteristics of human language?
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Discreteness
Arbitrariness Productivity Displacement Multimedia Potential |
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What are the studies done to investigate the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
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Whorf's study of the language of the Inuit people, who were thought to have numerous words for snow. Whorf's analysis of the differences between English and (in one famous instance) the Hopi language.
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What is the influence of culture on language?
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Speaking in the local language facilitates interaction and may help create relationships of trust.
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What is the Boas theory?
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Boas encouraged the "four field" concept of anthropology; he personally contributed to physical anthropology, linguistics, archaeology, as well as cultural anthropology. His work in these fields was pioneering: in physical anthropology he led scholars away from static taxonomical classifications of race, to an emphasis on human biology and evolution; in linguistics he broke through the limitations of classic philology and established some of the central problems in modern linguistics and cognitive anthropology; in cultural anthropology he (along with Polish-English anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski) established the contextualist approach to culture, cultural relativism, and the participant-observation method of fieldwork.
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Who is Malinowski?
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One of the most important anthropologists of the twentieth century because of his pioneering work on ethnographic fieldwork, with which he also gave a major contribution to the study of Melanesia, and the study of reciprocity.
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What is the Radcliffe-Brown theory?
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Developed the theory of Structural Functionalism, a framework that describes basic concepts relating to the social structure of primitive civilizations. Believed maintaining orderly relationships was the main function that must be met if societies are to exist and persist.
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What is the L. White and J Steward theory?
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White's argument on the importance of technology goes as follows[2]:
Technology is an attempt to solve the problems of survival. This attempt ultimately means capturing enough energy and diverting it for human needs. Societies that capture more energy and use it more efficiently have an advantage over other societies. Therefore, these different societies are more advanced in an evolutionary sense. |
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What are the four types of subsistence patterns found around the world?
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Hunter/Gatherer
Cultivation Pastoralism Distribution and Exchange |
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Name a part of the world where each of the four subsistence patterns are found
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Hunter/Gatherer - Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands
Cultivation - Upper Africa, Asia, and Latin America Pastoralism -Navajo Distribution and Exchange - America |
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What are the various modes of distribution of goods?
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Reciprocity
Redistribution Market Exchange |
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Name a group for each of the three distribution of goods modes
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Reciprocity - Inuit
Redistribution - America - Social Security Market Exchange - America - NYSE |
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