Anthro Nutrition Week 1

Front 1

variables

Back 1

physical environment
social environment
social organization
technology
culture

Front 2

physical environment

Back 2

climate
water resources
soil
indigenous animals and plants

Front 3

social environment

Back 3

food procurement and distribution by
OTHER societies
OTHER regions
OTHER communities

Front 4

social organization

Back 4

-structure of the household
-political and economic structure as they relate to food
a. production
b. distribution
c. consumption

Front 5

technology

Back 5

-tools and techniques
production
distribution
acquisition
storage
consumption

Front 6

culture (_____)

Back 6

idea systems
- food preferences and restrictions
- use of food in social interactions
- religious beliefs
- ideas about health

Front 7

adaptation

Back 7

conformity to the environment
- how humans cope
- informs development of hypotheses of biology and culture

Front 8

3 levels of adaptation

Back 8

1. genetic
2. physiological
3. sociocultural

Front 9

genetic adaption

Back 9

- change passed to future generations through biological inheritance of GENES
- must improve the survival of individuals that carry the gene

Front 10

genetic adaptation example

Back 10

population variation in ability of older children and adults to digest milk is RARE

Front 11

physiological adaptation:

Back 11

- common and rapid
- reduction in basal metabolic rate in response to chronic calorie deficiency

Front 12

physiological adaptation:
physiological ______ in reponse to environmental change

Back 12

plasticity

Front 13

physiological adaptation example

Back 13

growth stunting in response to inadequate food in early childhood

Front 14

sociocultural adaptation

Back 14

behavioral and technological innovations

Front 15

sociocultural adaptation example:

Back 15

maize processing techniques that prevent pellagra

Front 16

pellagra:

Back 16

niacin (vitamin B) deficiency
3B's : diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

Front 17

maladaptive patterns food use

Back 17

- NEGATIVE consequences for individuals
- food prohibitions or DENYING food to certain CLASSES of individuals
- Frequently women and children

Front 18

maladaptive patterns food use example

Back 18

in malaysian children, symptoms of vitamin A deficiency thought to be caused by worms so children were denied yellow and green vegetables which exacerbated the condition

Front 19

food systems

Back 19

every ACTIVITY associated with food including PDC: production, distribution, and consumption
- social institutions
- material inputs and outputs
- cultural beliefs

Front 20

food systems alternative definition:

Back 20

how food is acquired. also called "food quest" or subsistence systems.

Front 21

subsistence systems

Back 21

hunting- gathering
pastoralist
agricultural
- horticultural (gardening, hoe)
- advanced (plow)
industrial agricultural

Front 22

core characteristics of human food patterns

Back 22

- omnivorous diet (extreme)
- at least some cooking
- more time consuming PREP
- elaborate food distribution, sharing, and exchange patters
- food prohibitions and food preferences

Front 23

hunting and gathering
1. most of ___ ____
2. collect food from ____ and ____ but not _____
3. distribution of food affected social organization: ___ groups, semi_____, used ____ land area, population density ___, population growth ____.

Back 23

1. human history
2. land and water. NOT cultivating
3. small, nomadic, large, low, slow

Front 24

hunting and gathering
1. _____ in types of foods consumed
2. Diversity in ___ of animal to vegetable
3. general nutritional status ___ to ______
4. _____ _____ _____ a problem, varies with environment
5. ___ ____ and ____ diseases, rare

Back 24

1. diversity
2. ratio
3. good to excellent
4. seasonal food shortage
5. chronic malnutrition and deficiency diseases rare

Front 25

pastoralism
1. subsistence based on _____ animals
2. two types:
3. nomads
- NO _____ _____
- NO ______
4. Seminomads
- live in ______
- some individuals _____ _____
5. _____ is an important part of diet
6. practiced for ____ years
7. today the strategy is less viable because of _____ and ____ constraints
8. _____ and ______ peoples are good examples

Back 25

1. herd
2. nomadic, seminomadic
3. no permanent houses
- no agriculture
4. settlements
- cultivate crops
5. milk
6. 3000
7. political and economic
8. maasai and herero

Front 26

agricultural
1. beginning ____ to _____ years ago
2. by 2000 years ago, a large proportion of world's population completely dependent on _______

Back 26

1. 12000 to 15000
2. agriculture

Front 27

agricultural revolution
1. major changes in ___ ____ and ___
2. ____ and _____ changes
3. changes in ____ ____

Back 27

1. diet, nutrition, and health
2. social and technological
3. human societies

Front 28

Horticultural
1. also called ____ ____
2. use ____ rather than a plow
3. no _____
4. ______ consumption
5. no _____ sale
6. household is a _____ ____
7. little ________ with other groups
8. no expanded _____ networks

Back 28

1. gardening systems
2. use a hoe
3. irrigation
4. household
5. commercial
6. production unit
7. interdependence
8. expanded

Front 29

agriculture
1. use of the ____
2. _____
3. class of producers :______
4. other _____ control production
5. ______ hits rural producers the hardest

Back 29

1. plow
2. irrigation
3. peasants
4. elites
5. malutrition

Front 30

cash- cropping
1. ______ of food production and preparation
2. changes in household _____
3. changes in ______
4. changes in ______

Back 30

1. industrialization
2. production
3. culture
4. environment