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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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DNA |
The molecule that provides the genetic code for biological structures and the means to translate this code. |
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RNA |
The molecule that functions to carry out the instructions for protein synthesis specified by DNA molecule. |
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mRNA |
The form of RNA that transports the genetic instructions from DNA molecule to site of protein synthesis. |
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tRNA |
A free floating molecule that is attracted to a strand of messenger RNA, resulting in the synthesis of a protein chain. |
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Chtomosome |
A long strand of DNA sequence |
Building blocks for DNA |
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Hemoglobin |
The molecule in blood cells that transports oxygen |
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Mitosis |
The process of replication of chromosomes in body cells. |
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Meiosis |
The creation of sex cells by replication of chromosomes followed by cell division. |
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Mendel's Law of Segregation |
States that sex cells contain one of each pair of alleles. |
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Genotype |
The genetic endowment of an individual from the two alleles present at a given locus. |
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Homozygous |
When both alleles at a given locus are identical. |
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Heterozygous |
When the two alleles at a given locus are different. |
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Phenotype |
The observable appearance of a given genotype in the organism. |
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Dominant Allele |
An allele that masks the effect of the other allele(recessive) in a heterozygous genotype. |
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Recessive Allele |
An allele whose effect is masked by the other Allele(dominant) in a heterozygous genotype |
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Codominant |
When both alleles affect the phenotype of a heterozygous genotype, and neither is dominant over the other |
Blood type AB |
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Mendel's Law of Indi. Assortment |
States that the segregation of any pair of chromosomes does not affect the probability of the other chromosome pairs. |
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Linkage |
When alleles on the same chromosome are inherited together. |
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Crossing over |
The exchange of DNA between chromosomes during meiosis. |
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Recombination |
The production of new combinations of DNA sequences by exchange during meiosis |
Not crossing over. |
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Mutation |
A mechanism for evolutionary change from random change in genetic code |
Best genetic variation |
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Sickel cell allele |
Allele of the hemoglobin locus. Have sickel cell anemia |
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Monosomy |
A condition where one chromosome is present in the body cell. |
Only has one: down syndrome |
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Trisomy |
A co edition where there are 3 chromosomes in a pair . |
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Breeding Population |
A group of organisms that mate within the group |
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Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
Mathematical statement saying in the absence of nonrandom matings, genotype and allele frequencies will remain the same. |
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Evolutionary forces |
Four forces that can cause changes in allele frequency: mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow |
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Inbreeding |
Mating between biologically related individuals. |
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Polymorphism |
A discrete genetic trait in which there are at least two alleles with a frequency >0.01 |
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Founder drift |
A type of gene drift due to the formation of a new pop. by a smaller group |
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Cladogenesis |
The formation of one or more new species from another over time. |
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Reproductive isolation |
Genetic isolation of pops. called unable to produce fertile offspring. |
A donkey and a horse make a mule. |
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Speciation |
The origin of a new species |
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Adaptive radiation |
Forming a new species because of new environment and adaption |
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Gradualism |
Slow change |
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Punctuated equilibrium |
A change in long periods of short periods of fast change |
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Homology |
Similarity because of similar ancestry |
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Homoplasy |
Similarity due to independent evolution |
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Parallele evolution |
Independent evolution of traits in closely related species. |
Bones in bats and human arms |
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Convergent evolution |
Indi. evolution of similar traits in diff. evolutionary lines. |
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Primative trait |
A trait that has not changed over time |
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Derivative trait |
A trait that has changed from ancestral state |
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