Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
development |
local knowledge/cultures have access to many beneficial items(especially medicines) but often fall victim ton bioprospecting and receive no compensation for their knowledge |
|
|
bioprospecting |
the search for plant and animal species from which medicinal drugs and other commercially valuable compounds can be obtained. |
|
|
westernization |
process wherebysocieties come under or adopt Western culture in areas such as industry, technology, religion, etc |
|
|
colonialism |
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically |
|
|
magic |
trying to control something outside of your control *engaging with supernatural entities **individual is contacting and effecting sacred spirits or power |
|
|
religion |
Organized system of ideas about spiritual reality orthe supernatural **appealing to a supernatural entity *consists of beliefs andceremonial practices *Interpret, appeal to, and control aspects of theuniverse otherwise beyond human control |
|
|
rites of passage |
*rituals, often religious in nature, marking important stages in the lives of individuals, such as birth, marriage, and death ~establish your change in identity ~might wait to name child and therfore before naming ceremony they arent seen as fully human(in societies with high infant mortality rate) |
|
|
liminality |
quality of ambiguity or disorientation that occurs in the middle stage of rituals, when participants no longer hold their pre-ritual status but have not yet begun the transition to the status they will hold when the ritual is complete |
|
|
animism |
***have personality consciousness and individual spirit ~the attribution of a soul to plants, inanimate objects, and natural phenomena *believe they have life or divinity ~closer to humans as opposed to God being "above" the world ~~believe God is the world/nature therefore humans are God |
|
|
animatism |
***have personality and consciousness but NO individual spirit ~belief that all animate and inanimate objects are infused with a common life force **or: belief in an impersonal and divisible supernatural force or forces, which reside in living or unliving thing ~power isnt necessarily sacred power...power can be lost |
|
|
mana |
impersonal supernatural force ~animatism ~resides in people animals plants and objects ~varied manifestations |
|
|
shamanism |
~worlds oldest profession *shamans: contact and manipulate supernatural beings and powers(through altered states of consciousness)for benefit of living ~focal point of attention for society ~maintain social control ~prestige, wealth, and an outlet for artistic self expression ~much healing is religious ~shaman has a lot of ability to guide society ~can do things that might be frowned upon if someone else did them *shamans try to do good |
|
|
world systems theory |
*international trade = capitalist worldeconomy ~single world system of production for sale orexchange ~maximizing profits NOT supplying domesticneeds |
|
|
anxiety theory of magic |
In those areas where there is much uncertainty and even danger, people will use magic to reduce anxiety ~trobriand islands *magic/religion is used when we dont have control *ex: they would use science when they were navigating the lagoons bc they were familiar with it, but would use magic when they left bc they were anxious and it was out of their control **doctors there use magic vs scientific knowledge..employed at different times |
|
|
where athiests dont exist |
they dont exist in war...even if you dont believe they find themselves praying |
|
|
laws of sympathetic magic |
*law of contagion *law of similarity *law of opposites (*homeopathy) |
|
|
totemism |
~mystical relationships between humans nature ~represents kinship group(clan or sib) ~dont kill or eat totemic animal because they are symbolic relative ~individual status, rights, priveleges ~have characteristics of the totem: contagious magic ~how we relate to the natural world *end up w/ individual tporem through the right if passage **go out on their own to figure out who they are (dream/vision quest) ~explains social relationships as ecosystem |
|
|
A painting in Stewart International Airport in Orange Cty, New York |
woman breast feeding |
|
|
Chinese footbinding |
men had foot fetish liked tiny feet |
|
|
Corseting |
tiny waist |
|
|
breast implants |
bigger boobs |
|
|
sexuality and anthropology |
not commonly explored |
|
|
sexual dimorphism |
distinct differences between the sexes |
|
|
macho |
idea that men have to be tough |
|
|
rites of intensification |
mark occasions of crisis in life of the group ~functions unite people, allay fear of the crisis, prompt collective action ~can result in formation of new religion ex: funerals and ghost dance(wear white=bulletproof...wanted return of ancestors and Buffalo..return to how it was before europeans) |
|
|
trobriand cricket |
europeans introduced it and trocbriand islanders hanged it to become more political and warlike |
|
|
what is the difference between magic, science, and religion? |
thought processes |
|
|
aguaruna women feeding chickens |
fed chickens duckweed *ex of sympathetic magic *considerd law of contagion but could also be law of similarity |
|
|
science |
rational, empirical knowledge based on observation |
|
|
law of contagion |
~contact remains-sorcery from hair, nails, bodily fluids *association of one thing transfers to another thing |
|
|
law of similiarity |
~similar things/acts-similar effect on likeness *like voodoo doll and you put piece of hair in it so its more similar to that person |
|
|
law of opposites |
~reverse of law of similarity *have different effects **ex: something that looks a particular way but takes on an opposite effect when it comes into contact |
|
|
homeopathy |
~doctrine of signatures *have to read signs presented to us *ex: fern looks like lungs therefore it should be used to treat lungs....red plants used for blood, etc |
|
|
effecting |
changing the composition of something |
|
|
major dieties |
*pantheon *polytheism *monotheism |
|
|
alternative genders |
beyond sexual dimorphism(distinct difference in size and appearance between sexes) ~3rd gender: berdache; spirits (born with ambiguous genitalia) *person is more powerful than strict female/male *focus on what their occupation was, not necessarily their gender...could become a wife to a warrior |
|
|
hijras |
india ~simultaniously a spiritual consultant and a prostitute for men *castrated male |
|
|
gender stereotypes |
male: machoism female: women are the gatherer |
|
|
feminism |
should mean being interested in equality |
|
|
diffusion |
Spread of cultural items from one culture toanother *Cherokee alphabet *Trobriand Cricket |
|
|
revitalization |
any conscious, organized effort by members ofa society to construct a more satisfying culture *hitler *cargo cults: islanders isolated but planes would drop supplies and the islanders minds were blown |
|
|
taboo |
dangerousness of mana *surfing beaches and incest(if brother and sister have too much mana it would be seen as dangerous to be with anyone else) ~has so much mana/too powerful that you cnat come into contact with it/person |
|
|
witchcraft |
witches are scapegoats to teh bad things that happen in society ~intent is to harm ~forces of evil ~explains misfortune and bad luck ~highly political ~outcasts often accused of witchcraft |
|
|
sorcerer |
learns magic rituals and uses them to inflict harm ~type of witchcraft |
|
|
stages in rite of passage: |
*pre-ritual *rites of separation *rites of transition *rites of reincorporation *post ritual state |
|
|
pre ritual state |
youre a kid and dont have responsibilities |
|
|
rites of separation |
go off on own |
|
|
rites of transition |
liminal *dont have an identity(ambiguous who you are) ~isolation following separation |
|
|
rites of reincorporation |
past identity no longer you.become a completely different person..new relationships, new names, etc |
|
|
post ritual state |
join ranks of society and have responsibilities |
