Anthro Exam Week 9

Front 1

1.What is adaptation?
2.What do adaptation & environment effect?

Back 1

1. Adaptation- Heritable change in genetic makeup
2. Effects biology and culture
-Biocultural perspective, triad of interaction: Biology, Culture & Environment

Front 2

What is Acclimatization?
-plus the 3 types

Back 2

1. Acclimatization- Short physiological adaptations due to environment.
-temporary adjustment (tanning)

-Permanent. After exposer has ceased the physical adjustments stay

-Developmental. Results are permanent from exposure to an environment challenge during growth and development of a person. Can be culturally or environmentally caused

Front 3

Skin color differences are from?

Back 3

Number in size of melanin is variable determining color of skin.
-Melanin is biological shield for sun.

Front 4

Gloger's Rule

Back 4

Relation of intensity of solar radiation to skin pigmentation across globe.
Hot climates w/ heavy UV rays cause species living there to have heavy pigmentation.

Front 5

Vitamin D hypothesis

Back 5

Jablonsky & Chaplin- study showed people in northern latitudes produce less vitamin D synthesis from UV exposer then people closer to the equator. Shows natural selection.

-Vitamin D can be absorbed through skin from UV sun rays.
-Too much vitamin D results in break down of folic acid, which decreases development of sperm cells.

Front 6

Human's heat responses

Back 6

-immediate response is sweating
-over exposer results in hyperthemia
-Vasodilation- expansion of blood vessels which permits increased blood flow to skin and radiates heat.

Front 7

Allen's Rule

Back 7

Relation to shape of body

-Heat adapted populations are taller, slender, and have longer arms and legs

Front 8

Bergman's Rule

Back 8

Relation of body mass or volume to surface area of body.

-Cold adapted populations are heavier set for insulation of body heat

Front 9

Human responses to cold stress

Back 9

-Immediate response- shivering

-Developmental responses- increased B.M.R., change in blood flow

-Vasoconstriction- over exposer to clod stress, blood vessels constrict and cause reduced blood flow to skin.

Front 10

High altitude stress can cause?

Back 10

Hypoxia- oxygen deprivation.

health problems like heart failure

Front 11

Climatization of high altitudes

Back 11

Developmental/biological- increased lung size, produce more red blood cells.

Front 12

Causes in the spreading of diseases

Back 12

Development of human culture and different human populations interacting

-Early humans nomatic living conditions in small groups would not support development of diseases.

Front 13

Endemic diseases

Back 13

Disease is continually present in a population.
-due to high density population allowing disease to remain constant

Front 14

Epidemic diseases

Back 14

Diseases that are highly contagious but not always present, (flu, cold), seasons and living conditions bring about the disease.

Front 15

Disease Vectors

Back 15

Factors that spread diseases, (mesquitoes, fleas, bacteria).