Anthro Exam 3 Key Terms

Front 1

Animism

Back 1

Belief in souls or doubles.

Front 2

Applied Anthropology

Back 2

The application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems.

Front 3

Biomedicine

Back 3

As distinguished from Western medicine, a health care system based on scientific knowledge and procedures, encompassing such fields as pathology, microbiology, biochemistry, surgery, diagnostic technology, and applications.

Front 4

Cargo Cults

Back 4

Postcolonial, acculturative, religious movements common in Melanesia that attempt to explain European domination and wealth and to achieve similar success magically by mimicking European behavior.

Front 5

Communal Religions

Back 5

In Wallace's typology, these religions have-in addition to shamanic cults---communal cults in which people organize community rituals such as harvest ceremonies and rites of passage.

Front 6

Communitas

Back 6

Intense community spirit, a feeling of great social solidarity, equality, and togetherness; characteristic of people experiencing liminality together.

Front 7

Collective Liminality

Back 7

dunno.

Front 8

Cultural Compatible Development

Back 8

more effective than incompatible.

Front 9

Development Anthropology

Back 9

The branch of applied anthropology that focuses on social issues in, and the cultural dimension of, economic development.

Front 10

Disease

Back 10

An etic or scientifically identified health threat caused by a bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite, or other pathogen.

Front 11

Durkheim

Back 11

were among the founders of both sociology and anthropology.

Front 12

Emotionalistic Disease

Back 12

assume that emotional experiences cause illness.

Front 13

Frazier

Back 13

dunno.

Front 14

Frazer

Back 14

was a Scottish social anthropologist influential in the early stages of the modern studies of mythology and comparative religion.[2] He is often considered one of the founding fathers of modern anthropology. His most famous work, The Golden Bough (1890), documents and details the similarities among magical and religious beliefs around the globe. Frazer posited that human belief progressed through three stages: primitive magic, replaced by religion, in turn replaced by science.

Front 15

Freud

Back 15

Now known as the father of psychoanalysis. Subconscious shiit.

Front 16

Green Revolution

Back 16

Agricultural development based on chemical fertilizers, pesticides, 20th-century cultivation techniques, and new crop varieties such as IR-8 (" miracle rice").

Front 17

Hot / Cold Classification

Back 17

For example, one shouldn't drink something cold after a hot bath or eat a pineapple (a "cold" fruit) when one is menstrua ting (a "hot" condition).

Front 18

Illness

Back 18

An emic condition of poor health felt by individual.

Front 19

Levi-Strauss

Back 19

Studied how shamans cured with spirts and how spirts aided their health.

Front 20

Liminality

Back 20

The critically important marginal or in-between phase of a rite of passage.

Front 21

Magic

Back 21

Use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims.

Front 22

Imitative

Back 22

Sticking pins in "voodoo dolls".

Front 23

Contagious

Back 23

Sometimes practitioners of contagious magic use body products from prospective victims-their nails or hair.

Front 24

Malinowski

Back 24

British anthropologist, (practical anthropology), exemplify historical association between anthropology in Europe and colonialism.

Front 25

Mana

Back 25

Sacred impersonal force in Melanesian and Polynesia n religions.

Front 26

Marx

Back 26

Social Theorist, saw socioeconomic stratification as a sharp and simple division between two opposed classes: the bourgeoisie (capitalists) and the proletariat (property less workers).

Front 27

Mission Civilisatrice

Back 27

The French promulgated a mission civilisatrice, their equivalent of Britain's "white man's burden," The goal was to implant French culture, language, and religion, Roman Catholicism, throughout the colonies (Harvey 1980).

Front 28

Monotheism

Back 28

Worship of an eternal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent supreme being.

Front 29

Naturalistic Disease

Back 29

explain illness in impersonal terms.

Front 30

NGO

Back 30

nongovernmental organizations.

Front 31

Olympian Religions

Back 31

In Wallace's typology, develop with state organization; have full -time religious specialist’s professional priest hoods.

Front 32

Overinnovation

Back 32

Characteristic of development projects that require major changes in people's daily lives, especially ones that interfere with customary subsistence pursuits.

Front 33

Permanent Liminality

Back 33

a monk.

Front 34

Polytheism

Back 34

Belief in several deities who control aspects of nature.

Front 35

Religion

Back 35

Beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings powers, and forces.

Front 36

Revitalization Movements

Back 36

Movements that occur in times of change, in which religious leaders emerge and undertake to alter or revitalize a society.

Front 37

Rites of Passage

Back 37

Culturally defined activities associated with the transition from one place or stage of life to another.

Front 38

1.Separation

Back 38

people withdraw from the group and begin moving from one place or status to another.

Front 39

2.Margin

Back 39

in the middle.

Front 40

3.Reaggregation

Back 40

come back anew.

Front 41

Ritual

Back 41

Behavior that is formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped, performed earnestly as a social act; rituals are held at set times and places and have liturgical orders.

Front 42

Schistosomiasis

Back 42

Bilharzia ( Liver flukes) is probably the fastest-spreading and most dangerous parasitic infection now known.

Front 43

Shamans

Back 43

A parttime religious practitioner who mediates between ordinary people and super-natural beings and forces.

Front 44

Social Marketing

Back 44

is an approach used to develop activities aimed at changing or maintaining people's behavior for the benefit of individuals and society as a whole.

Front 45

Taboo

Back 45

Prohibition backed by supernatural sanctions.

Front 46

Totemism

Back 46

Rituals serve the social function of creating temporary or permanent solidarity among people-forming a social community.

Front 47

Tylor

Back 47

British anthropologist Edward Tylor proposed that cultures, systems of human behavior and thought, obey natural laws and therefore can be studied scientifically. (Famous quote : "Culture . .. is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

Front 48

Underdifferentiation

Back 48

Planning fallacy of viewing less developed countries as an undifferentiated group; ignoring cultural diversity and adopting a uniform approach (often ethnocentric) for very different types of project beneficiaries.

Front 49

Weber

Back 49

The influential sociologist Max Weber (192211968) defined three related dimensions of social stratification: (1) Economic status, or wealth, encompasses all a person's material assets, including income, land, and other types of property. (2) Power, the ability to exercise one's will over others-to do what one wants: is the basis of political status. (3) Prestige: the basis of social status-refers to esteem, respect, or approval for acts, deeds, or qualities considered exemplary.

Front 50

Wudu

Back 50

ritual ablution (bathing) before prayer.